一、需求分析
学生管理系统应具备的功能
1、添加学生及成绩信息
2、将学生信息保存到文件中
3、修改和删除学生信息
4、查询学生信息
5、根据学生成绩进行排序
6、统计学生的总分
二、系统设计
2.1、学生信息管理系统的系统功能结构(7大模块)
1、录入学生信息模块
2、查找学生信息模块
3、删除学生信息模块
4、修改学生信息模块
5、学生成绩排名模块
6、统计学生总人数模块
7、显示全部学生信息模块
2.2、系统业务流程
import os
filename = "student.txt"
filename2 = "student2.txt"
三、系统开发必备
3.1、系统开发环境
操作系统:win10
Python解释器版本 :Python3.8
开发工具:PyCharm
Python内置模块:os ,re
3.2、项目目录结构
四、主函数设计
4.1、系统主界面运行效果图
4.2、主函数的业务流程
4.3、实现主函数
编号 | 功能 |
0 | 退出系统 |
1 | 录入学生信息,调用insert()函数 |
2 | 查找学生信息,调用search()函数 |
3 | 删除学生信息,调用delete()函数 |
4 | 修改学生信息,调用modify()函数 |
5 | 对学生成绩排序,调用sort()函数 |
6 | 统计学生总人数,调用total()函数 |
7 | 显示所有的学生信息,调用show()函数 |
# 主函数
def main():
loop = True
while loop:
menm()
choice = int(input("请选择:-->"))
if choice in range(0, 8):
if choice == 0:
while True:
answer = input("您确定要退出系统吗?y/n-->")
if answer == "y" or answer == "Y":
loop = False
print("谢谢你的使用!")
break
elif answer == "n" or answer == "N":
break
else:
print("输入错误!")
elif choice == 1:
insert() # 录入学生信息
elif choice == 2:
search() # 查找学生信息
elif choice == 3:
delete() # 删除学生信息
elif choice == 4:
modify() # 修改学生信息
elif choice == 5:
sort() # 排序
elif choice == 6:
total() # 统计学生总人数
elif choice == 7:
show() # 显示所有学生信息
else:
print("输入错误")
# 功能菜单
def menm():
print('==============================学生信息管理系统==================================')
print('---------------------------------功能-菜单--------------------------------------')
print('\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息') # 增
print('\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息') # 查
print('\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息') # 删
print('\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息') # 改
print('\t\t\t\t5.排序') # 排序
print('\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数') # 统计
print('\t\t\t\t7.显示所有学生信息') # 显示
print('\t\t\t\t0.退出') # 退出
print('--------------------------------------------------------------------------------')
五、学生信息维护模块设计
5.1、实现录入学生信息功能
5.1.1、从控制台录入学生信息,并且把它们保存到磁盘文件中
5.1.2、业务流程
5.1.3、具体实现
insert()函数,用于录入学生信息
save(student)函数,用于将学生信息保存到文件
# 增加学生信息
def insert():
loop = True
while loop:
while True:
id = input("学生id:")
if id == '':
print("id不能为空!")
continue
else:
break
while True:
name = input("学生姓名:")
if not name:
print("姓名不能为空!")
continue
else:
break
while True:
try:
english = int(input("请输入英语成绩:"))
except:
print("输入错误!(成绩应是整数)")
continue
else:
break
while True:
try:
java = int(input("请输入java成绩:"))
except:
print("输入错误!(成绩应是整数)")
continue
else:
break
while True:
try:
python = int(input("请输入python成绩:"))
except:
print("输入错误!(成绩应是整数)")
continue
else:
break
# 将学生信息存储到student字典中
student = {"id": id, "name": name, "english": english, "java": java, "python": python}
# 将student字典中的信息保存到文件中
save(student)
print("学生信息录入成功!")
# 是否继续添加
while True:
answer = input("是否继续添加学生信息?y/n-->")
if answer == "y" or answer == "Y":
break
elif answer == "n" or answer == "N":
loop = False
break
else:
print("输入错误!")
# 将列表信息写入文件
def save(dict):
# a-->追加
# 如果文件不存在,则创建,文件指针在文件开头
# 如果存在,则在文件末尾追加内容,文件指针在文件末尾
student_txt = open(filename, "a", encoding="utf-8")
student_txt.write(str(dict) + "\n")
student_txt.close()
5.2、实现删除学生信息功能
5.2.1、从控制台录入学生ID,到磁盘文件中找到对应的学生信息,并将其删除
5.2.2、业务流程
5.2.3、具体实现
编写主函数中调用的删除学生信息的函数delete()
# 删除学生信息
def delete():
loop = True
while loop:
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_list = []
flag = False
if student_list:
id = input("请输入学生学号:")
if id == '':
continue
with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as wfile:
for iterm in student_list:
# d = dict(eval(iterm))
d = eval(iterm)
if d["id"] != id:
wfile.write(str(iterm) + '\n')
else:
flag = True
if flag == True:
print(f"id为{id}的学生信息已被删除!")
else:
print(f"没有找到id为{id}的学生信息!")
while True:
answer = input("是否继续删除y/n-->")
if answer == "y" or answer == "Y":
break
elif answer == "n" or answer == "N":
loop = False
break
else:
print("输入错误!")
else:
print("暂无学生信息!")
loop = False
5.3、实现修改学生信息功能
5.3.1、从控制台录入学生ID,到磁盘文件中找到对应的学生信息,将其进行修改
5.3.2、业务流程
5.3.3、具体实现
编写主函数中调用的修改学生信息的函数modify()
def modify(): # 改
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_list = []
if student_list:
while True:
id = input("请输入要修改的学员的ID:")
if id == '':
print("id不能为空!")
else:
break
flag = False
for iterm in student_list:
d = dict(eval(iterm))
with open(filename2, "a", encoding="utf-8") as wfile:
if d.get('id') == id:
flag = True
print(f"找到id为{id}的学生信息,可以修改他的相关信息了!")
list = []
list.append(d)
show_student(list)
while True:
d["id"] = input("学生id:")
if d["id"] == '':
print("id不能为空!")
continue
else:
break
while True:
d["name"] = input("学生姓名:")
if d["name"] == '':
print("姓名不能为空!")
continue
else:
break
while True:
try:
d["english"] = int(input("请输入英语成绩:"))
except:
print("输入错误!(成绩应是整数)")
continue
else:
break
while True:
try:
d["java"] = int(input("请输入java成绩:"))
except:
print("输入错误!(成绩应是整数)")
continue
else:
break
while True:
try:
d["python"] = int(input("请输入python成绩:"))
except:
print("输入错误!(成绩应是整数)")
continue
else:
break
wfile.write(str(d) + "\n")
else:
wfile.write(str(d) + "\n")
if flag == False:
print(f"没有找id为{id}的学生信息!")
else:
with open(filename2, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as wfile:
wfile.write(rfile.read())
os.remove(filename2)
print("修改成功!")
# 是否继续修改
while True:
answer = input("是否继续修改其它学生信息?y/n-->")
if answer == "y" or answer == "Y":
modify()
elif answer == "n" or answer == "N":
break
else:
print("输入错误!")
else:
print("暂无学生信息!")
六、查询/统计模块设计
6.1、实现查询学生信息功能
6.1.1、从控制台录入学生ID或姓名,到磁盘文件中找到对应的学生信息
6.1.2、业务流程
6.1.3、具体实现
编写主函数中调用的查找学生信息的函数search()
定义显示查询结果的函数show_student(query_student)
# 查找学生信息
def search():
loop = True
while loop:
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_list = []
if student_list:
mode = input("按ID查找请输入1,按姓名查找请输入2:")
id = ''
name = ''
if mode == "1":
id = input("请输入学生ID:")
if id == '':
print("id不能为空!")
continue
elif mode == "2":
name = input("请输入学生姓名:")
if name == '':
print("姓名不能为空!")
continue
else:
print("输入错误!")
continue
list = []
for iterm in student_list:
list.append(eval(iterm))
list_query = []
for iterm in list:
if (iterm.get('id') == id):
list_query.append(iterm)
if (iterm["name"] == name):
list_query.append(iterm)
if list_query:
show_student(list_query)
else:
print("没有查询到学生信息!")
# 是否继续查询
while True:
answer = input("是否继续查询学生信息?y/n-->")
if answer == "y" or answer == "Y":
break
elif answer == "n" or answer == "N":
loop = False
break
else:
print("输入错误!")
else:
print("暂无学生信息!")
loop = False
# 显示学生列表信息
def show_student(list):
format_data = "{:^6}\t{:^9}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}"
print(format_data.format("id", "姓名", "英语成绩", "java成绩", "python成绩", "总成绩"))
for iterm in list:
print(format_data.format(
iterm.get("id"), iterm.get("name"),
iterm.get("english"),iterm.get("java"), iterm.get("python"),
int(iterm.get("english")) + int(iterm.get("java")) + int(iterm.get("python"))
))
6.2、实现统计学生总人数功能
6.2.1、统计学生信息文件中保存的学生信息个数
6.2.2、业务流程
6.2.3、具体实现
编写主函数中调用的统计学生总人数的函数total()
# 统计学生总人数
def total():
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_list = []
if student_list:
print("一共有{0}名学生".format(student_list.__len__()))
else:
print("暂无学生信息!")
6.3、实现显示所有学生信息功能
6.3.1、将学生信息文件中保存的全部学生信息获取并显示
6.3.2、业务流程
6.3.3、具体实现
编写主函数中调用的查询学生信息的函数show()
# 显示文件所有学生信息
def show():
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_list = []
list = []
if student_list:
for iterm in student_list:
# d = dict(eval(iterm))
list.append(eval(iterm))
show_student(list)
else:
print("暂无学生信息!")
七、排序模块设计
7.1、实现按学生成绩排序功能
主要对学生信息按英语成绩、Python成绩、Java成绩、总成绩进行升序或降序排序
7.2、业务流程
7.3、具体实现
编写主函数中调用的排序函数sort()
# 排序
def sort():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_list = []
if student_list:
list = []
for iterm in student_list:
list.append(eval(iterm))
while True:
desc = input("请选择(0升序,1降序):-->")
if desc == "0":
desc_bool = False
break
elif desc == "1":
desc_bool = True
break
else:
print("输入错误")
mode = input('请选择排序方式(1.按英语成绩排序 2.按Python成绩排序 3.按Java成绩排序 0.按总成绩排序):')
if mode == "1":
list.sort(key=lambda x: int(x["english"]), reverse=desc_bool)
elif mode == '2':
list.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['python']), reverse=desc_bool)
elif mode == '3':
list.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['java']), reverse=desc_bool)
elif mode == '0':
list.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['english']) + int(x['python']) + int(x['java']),
reverse=desc_bool)
else:
print('您的输入有误,请重新输入!!!')
sort()
show_student(list)
else:
print("暂无学生信息!")
八、项目打包
8.1、安装第三方模块
在线安装方式
pip install PyInstaller
8.2、执行打包操作
pyinstaller -F D:\PycharmProjects\pythonProject111\studentsys\stusystem.py
附件:完整代码
import os
# filename = "..\studentsys\\student.txt"
filename = "student.txt"
filename2 = "student2.txt"
# 主函数
def main():
loop = True
while loop:
menm()
choice = int(input("请选择:-->"))
if choice in range(0, 8):
if choice == 0:
while True:
answer = input("您确定要退出系统吗?y/n-->")
if answer == "y" or answer == "Y":
loop = False
print("谢谢你的使用!")
break
elif answer == "n" or answer == "N":
break
else:
print("输入错误!")
elif choice == 1:
insert() # 录入学生信息
elif choice == 2:
search() # 查找学生信息
elif choice == 3:
delete() # 删除学生信息
elif choice == 4:
modify() # 修改学生信息
elif choice == 5:
sort() # 排序
elif choice == 6:
total() # 统计学生总人数
elif choice == 7:
show() # 显示所有学生信息
else:
print("输入错误")
# 功能菜单
def menm():
print('==============================学生信息管理系统==================================')
print('---------------------------------功能-菜单--------------------------------------')
print('\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息') # 增
print('\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息') # 查
print('\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息') # 删
print('\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息') # 改
print('\t\t\t\t5.排序') # 排序
print('\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数') # 统计
print('\t\t\t\t7.显示所有学生信息') # 显示
print('\t\t\t\t0.退出') # 退出
print('--------------------------------------------------------------------------------')
# 增加学生信息
def insert():
loop = True
while loop:
while True:
id = input("学生id:")
if id == '':
print("id不能为空!")
continue
else:
break
while True:
name = input("学生姓名:")
if not name:
print("姓名不能为空!")
continue
else:
break
while True:
try:
english = int(input("请输入英语成绩:"))
except:
print("输入错误!(成绩应是整数)")
continue
else:
break
while True:
try:
java = int(input("请输入java成绩:"))
except:
print("输入错误!(成绩应是整数)")
continue
else:
break
while True:
try:
python = int(input("请输入python成绩:"))
except:
print("输入错误!(成绩应是整数)")
continue
else:
break
# 将学生信息存储到student字典中
student = {"id": id, "name": name, "english": english, "java": java, "python": python}
# 将student字典中的信息保存到文件中
save(student)
print("学生信息录入成功!")
# 是否继续添加
while True:
answer = input("是否继续添加学生信息?y/n-->")
if answer == "y" or answer == "Y":
break
elif answer == "n" or answer == "N":
loop = False
break
else:
print("输入错误!")
# 将列表信息写入文件
def save(dict):
# a-->追加
# 如果文件不存在,则创建,文件指针在文件开头
# 如果存在,则在文件末尾追加内容,文件指针在文件末尾
student_txt = open(filename, "a", encoding="utf-8")
student_txt.write(str(dict) + "\n")
student_txt.close()
# 删除学生信息
def delete():
loop = True
while loop:
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_list = []
flag = False
if student_list:
id = input("请输入学生学号:")
if id == '':
continue
with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as wfile:
for iterm in student_list:
# d = dict(eval(iterm))
d = eval(iterm)
if d["id"] != id:
wfile.write(str(iterm) + '\n')
else:
flag = True
if flag == True:
print(f"id为{id}的学生信息已被删除!")
else:
print(f"没有找到id为{id}的学生信息!")
while True:
answer = input("是否继续删除y/n-->")
if answer == "y" or answer == "Y":
break
elif answer == "n" or answer == "N":
loop = False
break
else:
print("输入错误!")
else:
print("暂无学生信息!")
loop = False
# 查找学生信息
def search():
loop = True
while loop:
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_list = []
if student_list:
mode = input("按ID查找请输入1,按姓名查找请输入2:")
id = ''
name = ''
if mode == "1":
id = input("请输入学生ID:")
if id == '':
print("id不能为空!")
continue
elif mode == "2":
name = input("请输入学生姓名:")
if name == '':
print("姓名不能为空!")
continue
else:
print("输入错误!")
continue
list = []
for iterm in student_list:
list.append(eval(iterm))
list_query = []
for iterm in list:
if (iterm.get('id') == id):
list_query.append(iterm)
if (iterm["name"] == name):
list_query.append(iterm)
if list_query:
show_student(list_query)
else:
print("没有查询到学生信息!")
# 是否继续查询
while True:
answer = input("是否继续查询学生信息?y/n-->")
if answer == "y" or answer == "Y":
break
elif answer == "n" or answer == "N":
loop = False
break
else:
print("输入错误!")
else:
print("暂无学生信息!")
loop = False
# 修改学生信息
def modify(): # 改
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_list = []
if student_list:
while True:
id = input("请输入要修改的学员的ID:")
if id == '':
print("id不能为空!")
else:
break
flag = False
for iterm in student_list:
d = dict(eval(iterm))
with open(filename2, "a", encoding="utf-8") as wfile:
if d.get('id') == id:
flag = True
print(f"找到id为{id}的学生信息,可以修改他的相关信息了!")
list = []
list.append(d)
show_student(list)
while True:
d["id"] = input("学生id:")
if d["id"] == '':
print("id不能为空!")
continue
else:
break
while True:
d["name"] = input("学生姓名:")
if d["name"] == '':
print("姓名不能为空!")
continue
else:
break
while True:
try:
d["english"] = int(input("请输入英语成绩:"))
except:
print("输入错误!(成绩应是整数)")
continue
else:
break
while True:
try:
d["java"] = int(input("请输入java成绩:"))
except:
print("输入错误!(成绩应是整数)")
continue
else:
break
while True:
try:
d["python"] = int(input("请输入python成绩:"))
except:
print("输入错误!(成绩应是整数)")
continue
else:
break
wfile.write(str(d) + "\n")
else:
wfile.write(str(d) + "\n")
if flag == False:
print(f"没有找id为{id}的学生信息!")
else:
with open(filename2, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as wfile:
wfile.write(rfile.read())
os.remove(filename2)
print("修改成功!")
# 是否继续修改
while True:
answer = input("是否继续修改其它学生信息?y/n-->")
if answer == "y" or answer == "Y":
modify()
elif answer == "n" or answer == "N":
break
else:
print("输入错误!")
else:
print("暂无学生信息!")
# 排序
def sort():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_list = []
if student_list:
list = []
for iterm in student_list:
list.append(eval(iterm))
while True:
desc = input("请选择(0升序,1降序):-->")
if desc == "0":
desc_bool = False
break
elif desc == "1":
desc_bool = True
break
else:
print("输入错误")
mode = input('请选择排序方式(1.按英语成绩排序 2.按Python成绩排序 3.按Java成绩排序 0.按总成绩排序):')
if mode == "1":
list.sort(key=lambda x: int(x["english"]), reverse=desc_bool)
elif mode == '2':
list.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['python']), reverse=desc_bool)
elif mode == '3':
list.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['java']), reverse=desc_bool)
elif mode == '0':
list.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['english']) + int(x['python']) + int(x['java']),
reverse=desc_bool)
else:
print('您的输入有误,请重新输入!!!')
sort()
show_student(list)
else:
print("暂无学生信息!")
# 统计学生总人数
def total():
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_list = []
if student_list:
print("一共有{0}名学生".format(student_list.__len__()))
else:
print("暂无学生信息!")
# 显示文件所有学生信息
def show():
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_list = []
list = []
if student_list:
for iterm in student_list:
# d = dict(eval(iterm))
list.append(eval(iterm))
show_student(list)
else:
print("暂无学生信息!")
# 显示学生列表信息
def show_student(list):
format_data = "{:^6}\t{:^9}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}"
print(format_data.format("id", "姓名", "英语成绩", "java成绩", "python成绩", "总成绩"))
for iterm in list:
print(format_data.format(
iterm.get("id"), iterm.get("name"),
iterm.get("english"),iterm.get("java"), iterm.get("python"),
int(iterm.get("english")) + int(iterm.get("java")) + int(iterm.get("python"))
))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()