Thread -- 05 -- start()与run()的区别

原文链接：Thread – 05 – start()与run()的区别

---

相关文章：

• Thread – 01 – 进程和线程的区别

• Thread – 02 – 线程的六种状态

• Thread – 03 – 实现处理线程的返回值

• Thread – 04 – Thread和Runnable的区别

• Thread – 05 – start()与run()的区别

• Thread – 06 – sleep()和wait()的区别

• Thread – 07 – notify()和notifyAll()的区别

• Thread – 08 – yieled()方法的使用

• Thread – 09 – interrupt()方法的使用

• Thread – 10 – interrupt()、interrupted()、isInterrupted()方法的区别

---

在平常使用线程的过程中，我们可定会有这么一个疑问，启用线程时使用 start() 方法而不是 run() 方法，这两个方法之间究竟有什么区别呢，这里让我们来一起深入了解下

---

一、举例说明

• 例子一 (调用 run() 方法)

  public class CurrentThreadTest {
  
      private static void attack() {
          System.out.println("Fight");
          System.out.println("Current Thread is: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
      }
  
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          Thread thread = new Thread() {
              @Override
              public void run() {
                  attack();
              }
          };
          System.out.println("Current Thread is: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
          thread.run();
      }
  }
  
  // Current Thread is: main
  // Fight
  // Current Thread is: main
  

  • 如上所示，我们定义了一个 attack()，并打印出执行该方法的线程名称，另外在 main() 方法中 new 了一个线程，打印出执行 main() 方法的线程名称，并调用 run() 方法

  • 由输出可知，执行 main() 方法和 attack() 方法的为同一个线程，即主线程 main

---

• 例子二 (调用 start() 方法)

  public class CurrentThreadTest {
  
      private static void attack() {
          System.out.println("Fight");
          System.out.println("Current Thread is: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
      }
  
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          Thread thread = new Thread() {
              @Override
              public void run() {
                  attack();
              }
          };
          System.out.println("Current Thread is: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
          thread.start();
      }
  }
  
  // Current Thread is: main
  // Fight
  // Current Thread is: Thread-0
  

  • 如上所示，调用了线程的 start() 方法，由输出可知，执行 main() 方法和 attack() 方法的不是同一个线程，也就是说当调用 start() 时，会创建一个新的线程来调用 attack() 方法

---

二、源码解析

• start()

  public synchronized void start() {
          /**
           * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
           * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
           * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
           *
           * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
           */
          if (threadStatus != 0)
              throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
  
          /* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
           * so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
           * and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
          group.add(this);
  
          boolean started = false;
          try {
              start0();
              started = true;
          } finally {
              try {
                  if (!started) {
                      group.threadStartFailed(this);
                  }
              } catch (Throwable ignore) {
                  /* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
                    it will be passed up the call stack */
              }
          }
      }
  
      private native void start0();
  

  • 源码如上，可知 start() 方法中主要调用的方法为 start0() 方法，这是一个本地方法，我们可以通过 openjdk 来查看其源码 (该方法位于 Thread.c 类下)

• Thread.c --> 传送门

  #include "jni.h"
  #include "jvm.h"
  
  #include "java_lang_Thread.h"
  
  #define THD "Ljava/lang/Thread;"
  #define OBJ "Ljava/lang/Object;"
  #define STE "Ljava/lang/StackTraceElement;"
  #define STR "Ljava/lang/String;"
  
  #define ARRAY_LENGTH(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]))
  
  static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
      {"start0",           "()V",        (void *)&JVM_StartThread},
      {"stop0",            "(" OBJ ")V", (void *)&JVM_StopThread},
      {"isAlive",          "()Z",        (void *)&JVM_IsThreadAlive},
      {"suspend0",         "()V",        (void *)&JVM_SuspendThread},
      {"resume0",          "()V",        (void *)&JVM_ResumeThread},
      {"setPriority0",     "(I)V",       (void *)&JVM_SetThreadPriority},
      {"yield",            "()V",        (void *)&JVM_Yield},
      {"sleep",            "(J)V",       (void *)&JVM_Sleep},
      {"currentThread",    "()" THD,     (void *)&JVM_CurrentThread},
      {"countStackFrames", "()I",        (void *)&JVM_CountStackFrames},
      {"interrupt0",       "()V",        (void *)&JVM_Interrupt},
      {"isInterrupted",    "(Z)Z",       (void *)&JVM_IsInterrupted},
      {"holdsLock",        "(" OBJ ")Z", (void *)&JVM_HoldsLock},
      {"getThreads",        "()[" THD,   (void *)&JVM_GetAllThreads},
      {"dumpThreads",      "([" THD ")[[" STE, (void *)&JVM_DumpThreads},
      {"setNativeName",    "(" STR ")V", (void *)&JVM_SetNativeThreadName},
  };
  

  • 源码如上，可知 start0() 方法调用了 JVM_StartThread() 方法，我们再来看看 JVM 的源码

• jvm.cpp --> 传送门

  jlong size =
  java_lang_Thread::stackSize(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jthread));
  // Allocate the C++ Thread structure and create the native thread.  The
  // stack size retrieved from java is signed, but the constructor takes
  // size_t (an unsigned type), so avoid passing negative values which would
  // result in really large stacks.
  size_t sz = size > 0 ? (size_t) size : 0;
  native_thread = new JavaThread(&thread_entry, sz);
  

  
  static void thread_entry(JavaThread* thread, TRAPS) {
    HandleMark hm(THREAD);
    Handle obj(THREAD, thread->threadObj());
    JavaValue result(T_VOID);
    JavaCalls::call_virtual(&result,
                            obj,
                            KlassHandle(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Thread_klass()),
                            vmSymbols::run_method_name(),
                            vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
                            THREAD);
  }
  

  • 源码如上，可知 JVM_StartThread() 方法中 new 了一个 Java 线程，该方法其中一个参数方法: thread_entry()，在 thread_entry() 方法中，会调用虚拟机并传入 run() 方法的名字

  • 也就是说，最终 new 了一个线程，然后用这个线程去执行 run() 方法里面的内容

  

---

三、归纳总结

• 调用 start() 方法会创建一个新的子线程并启动

• 调用 run() 方法只不过是调用了 Thread 类的一个普通方法