文章目录
本文适合有一定cesium基础的人服用，欢迎交流
一、Cesium的介绍
Cesium是AGI公司计算机图形开发小组与2011年研发的三维地球和地图可视化开源JavaScript库，Cesium一词来源于化学元素铯，铯是制造原子钟的关键元素，研发小组通过命名强调Cesium产品精益求精，专注时间数据可视化。Cesium为三维GIS提供了一个高效的数据可视化平台。即：
（1）Cesium是一个跨平台、跨浏览器的展示三维地球和地图的JavaScript库
（2）Cesium使用WebGL来进行硬件加速图形，使用时不需要任何插件支持。
（3）Cesium是基于Apache2.0许可的开源程序，可以免费用于商业和非商业用途。
/* 由于本文主要使用CZML数据格式进行动态场景演示，故有关Cesium的介绍就不赘述了。 */
二、CZML介绍
参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/laixiangran/p/4997971.html
CZML是一种用来描述动态场景的JSON架构的语言，主要用于Cesium在浏览器中的展示。它可以用来描述点、线、布告板、模型以及其他的图元，同时定义他们是怎样随时间变化的。Cesium拥有一套富客户端API，通过CZML采用数据驱动的方式，不用写代码我就可以使用通用的Cesium viewer构建出丰富的场景。Cesium与CZML的关系就如同Google Earth和KML的关系。CZML和KML都是用来描述场景的数据格式，可以通到很多其他的程序自动生成，或者手写也可以。CZML拥有很多的特性，其中有一些区别于KML的：
- CZML 是基于JSON的。
- CZML可以准确的描述值随时间变化的属性。理由，一条在某一时间内是红色的而在另一时间内是蓝色的。同时客户端可以根据时间戳进行差值。假如有一辆车，分别定义了两个不同时间的位置，通过CZML定义的差值算法，客户端可以准确的显示在这两个时间点之间车的位置。所有属性都可以是随时间变化的。
- CZML通过增量流的方式传送到客户端。在场景显示之前，整个CZML文档需要首先被下载到客户端。在某些情况下，个别客户端可能会加入或离开正在传输的流。（这段翻译的不好）
- CZML高度优化，旨在解析时更紧凑也更容易，让人工的读写更容易。
- CZML可扩展，尽管CZML的主要作用在与虚拟地球客户端程序与场景的交流，但它可以很容易的通过扩展来满足其他一些辅助的程序对静态或动态数据的需求。例如，随时间动态变化在数据就可以用在某些2D的图表程序中。
- CZML是一个开放的格式。我们希望有更多的程序能使用CZML，同时期待有一天它也能成为OGC一样的标准。
- 可以通过czml-writer来生成CZML，这个程序维护在Github上。
笔者理解：CZML可以通过增加czmlDataSource的形式，不断接受到从后端推送的数据，并在cesium中动态显示。
三、CZML结构说明
czml是一种json格式的文件，简单的可以理解为一个数组，具体格式如下：
let czml=[
//packet1，id一定为document，否则会报错，这里定义的是整个显示场景的信息
{
"id": "document",
"clock": {
"interval": "2022-01-01T10:10:10+0800/2022-01-05T10:10:10+0800",
"currentTime": "2022-01-02T02:10:10",
"step": "SYSTEM_CLOCK_MULTIPLIER",
"range": "LOOP_STOP",
"multiplier": 5
},
"version": "1.0"
},
//packet two
{
"id":"GroundControlStation"
"position":{"cartographicDegrees":[-75.5,40.0,0.0]},
"point":{
"color":{"rgba":[0,0,255,255]},
}
},
// packet three
{
"id":"PredatorUAV",
// ...
}
]
除了第一个packet代表了cesium场景（cesium时间轴的范围，当前时刻，倍速等信息）之外，其他的packet都可以理解为描述某一时间范围内的entity的行为。一个czml文件当中至少有一个packet，也即第一个描述场景的packet，亲测 每一个id不能相同，否则只显示相同id中最后一个entity，但是对于 不同czml文件中可以使用相同id。
四、CZML属性说明
参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/laixiangran/p/4998529.html
上面的参考内容很全，需要多说一句的是czml中的时间格式，应为ISO8601格式，对于UTC时间可以表示为：
2022-01-02T02:10:10
2022-01-02T02:10:10+0000
2022-01-02T02:10:10+00:00
2022-01-02T02:10:10.010Z
对于北京时则可以表示为：
2022-01-02T10:10:10+0800
2022-01-02T10:10:10+08:00
2022-01-02T10:10:10.010+0800
2022-01-02T10:10:10.010+08:00
这两种表示方法都可以，且表示同一时间
五、CZML文件的使用
1、CZML文件加载
let czmldata = new Cesium.CzmlDataSource(id).load(czml);
//id 为 CzmlDataSource对象 id
//或者直接写做 let czmldata = Cesium.CzmlDataSource.load(czml);
let temp;
cesium.viewer.dataSources.add(czmldata).then(function (ds) {
temp = ds;
});
//或者 cesium.viewer.dataSources.add(czmldata)
可以看到最终czml文件最终成为了CzmlDataSource对象，被加载到viewer的datasources中。
ds是一个CzmlDataSource对象，通过ds.entities.getById(id)，可以获取到czml文件当中定义的entity，此时可以方便的对entity进行一些操作，比如viewer.trackEntity = ds.entities.getById("GroundControlStation")，又或者可以将CzmlDataSource对象保存下来，以便后续进行一些操作。这里笔者发现ds一定要赋值给已经定义好的对象，故先声明对象，而后进行赋值。
注意：当加载多个czml文件时，场景信息会以最后一个czml文件定义的为准。
2、CZML文件移除
也即CzmlDataSource对象的移除，写做：
cesium.viewer.dataSources.remove(temp,isDestroy)
temp也即刚才保存的CzmlDataSource对象，这样可以将刚才添加的场景信息、entity信息都移除掉，isDestroy是一个布尔对象，代表是否要销毁CzmlDataSource对象。如果只移除某一个entity的信息，可以写做：
let entity = temp.entities.getById("GroundControlStation");
if(entity){
temp.entities.remove(entity);
}
如果删除viewer中的全部dataSources对象，可以写做：
cesium.viewer.dataSources.removeAll(true)
true代表销毁对象
3、卫星的加载与轨迹显示
（1）卫星的加载
在CZML文件中想要加载模型，需要先将其他格式的模型文件转换成gltf文件，然后通过
"model": {
"show": true,
"gltf": "./111.gltf",
"minimumPixelSize": 99,
},
进行加载，minimumPixelSize表示显示的最小像素点，有了这个参数的保证，可以在缩小地球时也保证模型能够看清楚。
（2）卫星轨迹的显示
在场景中加载卫星一般情况下无法满足我们的使用要求，还需要卫星运动起来，并且显示其运行轨迹，在CZML文件中，一般可以用如下格式的文件来表示卫星和其轨迹的显示：
[
{
"id": "document",
"clock": {
"interval": "2022-03-22T16:08:00+08:00/2022-03-23T16:08:00+08:00",
"currentTime": "2022-03-22T16:08:00+08:00",
"step": "SYSTEM_CLOCK_MULTIPLIER",
"range": "LOOP_STOP",
"multiplier": 60
},
"version": "1.0"
},
{
"label": {
"outlineColor": {
"rgba": [
0,
0,
0,
255
]
},
"horizontalOrigin": "LEFT",
"text": "ppCOSMOS 2426 (717)",
"outlineWidth": 2,
"pixelOffset": {
"cartesian2": [
12,
0
]
},
"fillColor": {
"rgba": [
"213",
"255",
"0",
255
]
},
"font": "11pt Lucida Console",
"show": true
},
"id": "Satellite/ppCOSMOS 2426 (717)",
"description": "Orbit of Satellite: ppCOSMOS 2426 (717)",
"position": {
"interpolationAlgorithm": "LAGRANGE",
"referenceFrame": "INERTIAL",
"interpolationDegree": 5,
"cartesian": [
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ps：想要直接获取已有的czml文件，建议可以从这里获取，通过勾选卫星，或者自己添加TLE数据可以生成卫星轨迹，通过网络传输的数据中可以获取
对于上述的位置信息和轨迹显示方法信息的具体计算方法我写到了另一篇文章中，链接在此
3、Sensor的加载与使用
（1）Sensor的加载
CZML的属性中提到了agi_conicSensor,agi_rectangularSensor,agi_customPatternSensor,分别为圆锥形的探测器，棱锥形的探测器，自定义形状的探测器，其中棱锥形的探测器效果如下图所示：
以上的CZML文件是在我在https://sandcastle.cesium.com/?src=CZML.html中找到的，官方的写法为：
{
"id":"Satellite/Geoeye1/Sensor/Sensor",
"name":"Sensor",
"parent":"Satellite/Geoeye1",
"availability":"2012-03-15T10:00:00Z/2012-03-16T10:00:00Z",
"description":"<!--HTML-->\r\nGeoEye-1 primary optical sensor",
"agi_rectangularSensor":{
"xHalfAngle":0.803490658503988659,
"yHalfAngle":0.81308996938995747,
"radius":5e7,
"show":true,
"showIntersection":true,
"intersectionColor":{
"rgba":[
91,141,42,255
]
},
"intersectionWidth":1,
"portionToDisplay":"COMPLETE",
"ellipsoidSurfaceMaterial":{
"solidColor":{
"color":{
"rgba":[
255,255,255,0
]
}
}
},
"ellipsoidHorizonSurfaceMaterial":{
"solidColor":{
"color":{
"rgba":[
91,141,42,102
]
}
}
},
"lateralSurfaceMaterial":{
"solidColor":{
"color":{
"rgba":[
91,141,42,102
]
}
}
},
"domeSurfaceMaterial":{
"solidColor":{
"color":{
"rgba":[
255,255,255,0
]
}
}
}
},
"position":{
"reference":"Satellite/Geoeye1#position"
},
"orientation":{
"interpolationAlgorithm":"LAGRANGE",
"interpolationDegree":1,
"epoch":"2012-03-15T10:00:00Z",
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]
}
},
]
但是我加载到自己的CZML文件中却渲染不出来，这是 因为还要引入一个cesium-sensor-volumes.js文件的依赖，笔者在这里卡了很久，注意引入的cesium-sensor-volumes.js文件版本要和cesium的版本匹配，笔者的cesium版本为1.71.0，资源已上传。
cesium-sensor-volumes.js
（2）Sensor的使用
第四章的引用文档中有详细的介绍，笔者自己翻译了一些，供大家简单学习交流
/**
* 圆锥形
* innerHalfAngle内圈半径角度
* outerHalfAngle外圈半径角度
* radius：圆锥底部半径
* minimumClockAngle:圆锥最小扇形角度
* maximumClockAngle：圆锥最大扇形角度，2*Math.PI为一整圈的圆锥
* showIntersection:boolean，是否显示和地球的交点
* intersectionColor：和地球交点的颜色
* intersectionWidth：和地球交点的宽度（像素）
* lateralSurfaceMaterial：侧面材质，solidColor/image/grid/stripe/ 整片颜色/图片/网格/条纹
* ellipsoidSurfaceMaterial:椭球面材质，solidColor/image/grid/stripe/
* ellipsoidHorizonSurfaceMaterial：椭球水平面材质, solidColor/image/grid/stripe/
* domeSurfaceMaterial:圆顶面材质，solidColor/image/grid/stripe/
* portionToDisplay:什么时候显示“指示”, COMPLETE/BELOW_ELLIPSOID_HORIZON/ABOVE_ELLIPSOID_HORIZON
*/
"agi_conicSensor":{
innerHalfAngle:0.3,
outerHalfAngle:0.6,
radius:5e7,
minimumClockAngle:0,
maximumClockAngle:2*Math.PI,
show:true,
showIntersection:true,
intersectionColor:{
"rgba":[
91,141,42,255
]
},
intersectionWidth:1,
"lateralSurfaceMaterial":{
"solidColor":{
"color":{
"rgba":[
91,141,42,102
]
}
}
},
portionToDisplay:"COMPLETE",
},
（3）Sensor中朝向信息的计算
如上所示，Sensor中需要给定朝向信息，可以通过Cesium自己的计算，让其根据速度方向计算朝向，这种方式写法上简单，但是无法动态调整朝向，写法如下：
"orientation":{
// 根据速度方向调整朝向，#position 指模型的位置
"velocityReference":"#position"
},
也可以通过自己计算四元数的方式，动态调整朝向，方法如下：
计算模型朝向四元数的方法
再将计算出的四元数放到orientation对象中，写法如下
"orientation":{
"interpolationAlgorithm":"LAGRANGE",
"interpolationDegree":1,
"epoch":"2012-03-15T10:00:00Z",
"unitQuaternion":[距离epoch的时间（秒）,quaternion.x,quaternion.y,quaternion.z,quaternion.w,……]
}
未完待续…… 欢迎交流
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