转载自,原文格式清晰:https://blog.csdn.net/niuchenliang524/article/details/81326238
一般来说,消息队列有两种场景,一种是发布者订阅者模式,一种是生产者消费者模式。利用redis这两种场景的消息队列都能够实现。
定义:
生产者消费者模式:生产者生产消息放到队列里,多个消费者同时监听队列,谁先抢到消息谁就会从队列中取走消息;即对于每个消息只能被最多一个消费者拥有。
发布者订阅者模式:发布者生产消息放到队列里,多个监听队列的消费者都会收到同一份消息;即正常情况下每个消费者收到的消息应该都是一样的。
Redis不仅可作为缓存服务器,还可用作消息队列。它的列表类型天生支持用作消息队列。如下图所示:
由于Redis的列表是使用双向链表实现的,保存了头尾节点,所以在列表头尾两边插取元素都是非常快的。
在Redis中,List类型是按照插入顺序排序的字符串链表。和数据结构中的普通链表一样,我们可以在其头部(left)和尾部(right)添加新的元素。在插入时,如果该键并不存在,Redis将为该键创建一个新的链表。与此相反,如果链表中所有的元素均被移除,那么该键也将会被从数据库中删除。List中可以包含的最大元素数量是4294967295。
从元素插入和删除的效率视角来看,如果我们是在链表的两头插入或删除元素,这将会是非常高效的操作,即使链表中已经存储了百万条记录,该操作也可以在常量时间内完成。然而需要说明的是,如果元素插入或删除操作是作用于链表中间,那将会是非常低效的。相信对于有良好数据结构基础的开发者而言,这一点并不难理解。
Redis List的主要操作为lpush/lpop/rpush/rpop四种,分别代表从头部和尾部的push/pop,除此之外List还提供了两种pop操作的阻塞版本blpop/brpop,用于阻塞获取一个对象。
Redis通常都被用做一个处理各种后台工作或消息任务的消息服务器。 一个简单的队列模式就是:生产者把消息放入一个列表中,等待消息的消费者用 RPOP 命令(用轮询方式), 或者用 BRPOP 命令(如果客户端使用阻塞操作会更好)来得到这个消息。
1、Redis 生产者/消费者模式实现消息队列的简单例子(此外用的是jedisCluster连接redis)
springboot的application-dev.yml中redis的配置如下:
-
redis:
-
database:
0
-
password: # Redis服务器连接密码(默认为空)
-
timeout:
0 # 连接超时时间(毫秒)
-
commandTimeout:
5000
-
cluster:
-
nodes:
10.201.1.27:
7001,
10.201.1.27:
7002,
10.201.1.27:
7003,
10.201.1.27:
7004,
10.201.1.27:
7005,
10.201.1.27:
7006
redis放入Spring容器中:
-
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
-
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
-
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
-
import redis.clients.jedis.HostAndPort;
-
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisCluster;
-
import java.util.HashSet;
-
import java.util.Set;
-
-
@Configuration
-
public
class RedisHostsConfig {
-
-
@Value(
"${spring.redis.cluster.nodes}")
-
private String hosts;
-
-
/**
-
* 获取jedis链接
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@Bean
-
public JedisCluster redisCluster(){
-
try{
-
Set<HostAndPort> nodes =
new HashSet<>();
-
String[] hostArray = hosts.split(
",");
-
for(String host : hostArray){
-
String[] ipAndPort = host.split(
":");
-
nodes.add(
new HostAndPort(ipAndPort[
0], Integer.parseInt(ipAndPort[
1])));
-
}
-
JedisCluster cluster =
new JedisCluster(nodes);
-
return cluster;
-
}
catch(Exception e){
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
return
null;
-
}
-
}
-
}
生产者代码:
-
-
public
class RedisProducer {
-
-
@Autowired
-
JedisCluster jedisCluster;
-
-
public static void main(String[] args){
-
for(
int i =
0;i<
10;i++) {
-
jedisCluster.lpush(
"listingList",
"value_" + i);
-
}
-
}
-
-
}
-
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
-
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisCluster;
-
import java.util.List;
-
-
@Slf4j
-
public
class NetListingConsumer extends Thread {
-
-
private
static JedisCluster redisCluster;
-
-
private static JedisCluster getRedisCluster(){
-
if (redisCluster ==
null){
-
redisCluster = SpringContextHolder.getBean(
"redisCluster");
-
}
-
return redisCluster;
-
}
-
-
@Override
-
public void run() {
-
JedisCluster redis = getRedisCluster();
-
while (
true){
-
//阻塞式brpop,List中无数据时阻塞,参数0表示一直阻塞下去,直到List出现数据
-
List<String> listingList = redis.brpop(
0,
"listingList");
-
log.info(
"线程取数据:{}", listingList.get(
1));
-
}
-
}
-
}
消费者代码:
运行消费者:
-
public
class RedisProducer {
-
public static void main(String[] args){
-
PriceConsumer redisConsumer =
new PriceConsumer();
-
redisConsumer.start();
-
}
-
}
spring-redis使用RedisMessageListenerContainer进行消息监听,客户程序需要自己实现MessageListener,并以指定的topic注册到RedisMessageListenerContainer,这样,在指定的topic上如果有消息,RedisMessageListenerContainer便会通知该MessageListener。2、Redis 发布/订阅模式实现消息队列的简单例子(此外用的是redisTemplater操作redis)
在此,我是监听了四个topic,为每一个topic写了一个消息处理方法。
-
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
-
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
-
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
-
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
-
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
-
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
-
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
-
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.PatternTopic;
-
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.RedisMessageListenerContainer;
-
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;
-
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
-
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
-
-
@Configuration
-
public
class RedisMessageListener {
-
-
/**
-
* redis消息监听器容器
-
* @param connectionFactory
-
* @param priceListenerAdapter 价格趋势和市场消息订阅处理器
-
* @param listingListenerAdapter 挂牌案例消息订阅处理器
-
* @param caseListenerAdapter 交易案例消息订阅处理器
-
* @param foreclosureListenerAdapter 法拍案例消息订阅处理器
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@Bean
-
RedisMessageListenerContainer container(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
-
MessageListenerAdapter priceListenerAdapter,
-
MessageListenerAdapter listingListenerAdapter,
-
MessageListenerAdapter caseListenerAdapter,
-
MessageListenerAdapter foreclosureListenerAdapter) {
-
RedisMessageListenerContainer container =
new RedisMessageListenerContainer();
-
container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
-
//监听价格趋势和市场情况主题并绑定消息订阅处理器
-
container.addMessageListener(priceListenerAdapter,
new PatternTopic(
"PRICE_TOPIC"));
-
//监听挂牌案例主题并绑定消息订阅处理器
-
container.addMessageListener(listingListenerAdapter,
new PatternTopic(
"LISTING_TOPIC"));
-
//监听交易案例主题并绑定消息订阅处理器
-
container.addMessageListener(caseListenerAdapter,
new PatternTopic(
"CASE_TOPIC"));
-
//监听法拍案例主题并绑定消息订阅处理器
-
container.addMessageListener(foreclosureListenerAdapter,
new PatternTopic(
"FORECLOSURE_TOPIC"));
-
return container;
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* 价格趋势和市场消息订阅处理器,并指定处理方法
-
* @param receiver
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@Bean
-
MessageListenerAdapter priceListenerAdapter(ReceiverRedisMessage receiver) {
-
MessageListenerAdapter messageListenerAdapter =
new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver,
"priceReceive");
-
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer =
this.jacksonSerializer();
-
messageListenerAdapter.setSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
-
return messageListenerAdapter;
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* 挂牌案例消息订阅处理器,并指定处理方法
-
* @param receiver
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@Bean
-
MessageListenerAdapter listingListenerAdapter(ReceiverRedisMessage receiver) {
-
MessageListenerAdapter messageListenerAdapter =
new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver,
"listingReceive");
-
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer =
this.jacksonSerializer();
-
messageListenerAdapter.setSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
-
return messageListenerAdapter;
-
}
-
-
-
/**
-
* 交易案例消息订阅处理器,并指定处理方法
-
* @param receiver
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@Bean
-
MessageListenerAdapter caseListenerAdapter(ReceiverRedisMessage receiver) {
-
MessageListenerAdapter messageListenerAdapter =
new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver,
"caseReceive");
-
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer =
this.jacksonSerializer();
-
messageListenerAdapter.setSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
-
return messageListenerAdapter;
-
}
-
-
-
/**
-
* 法拍案例消息订阅处理器,并指定处理方法
-
* @param receiver
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@Bean
-
MessageListenerAdapter foreclosureListenerAdapter(ReceiverRedisMessage receiver) {
-
MessageListenerAdapter messageListenerAdapter =
new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver,
"foreclosureReceive");
-
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer =
this.jacksonSerializer();
-
messageListenerAdapter.setSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
-
return messageListenerAdapter;
-
}
-
-
@Bean
-
ReceiverRedisMessage receiver(CountDownLatch latch) {
-
return
new ReceiverRedisMessage(latch);
-
}
-
-
@Bean
-
CountDownLatch latch() {
-
return
new CountDownLatch(
1);
-
}
-
-
@Bean
-
RedisTemplate template(RedisTemplate redisTemplate) {
-
return redisTemplate;
-
}
-
-
private Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jacksonSerializer(){
-
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer =
new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
-
ObjectMapper objectMapper =
new ObjectMapper();
-
objectMapper.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
-
objectMapper.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
-
jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);
-
return jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
-
}
-
}
-
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
-
import com.cindata.esp.domian.casehistory.CaseHistory;
-
import com.cindata.esp.domian.foreclosure.ForeclosureHistory;
-
import com.cindata.esp.domian.netlisting.NetListingHistory;
-
import com.cindata.esp.domian.pricetendency.PriceTendencySituation;
-
import com.cindata.esp.service.ICaseService;
-
import com.cindata.esp.service.IForeclosureService;
-
import com.cindata.esp.service.INetListingService;
-
import com.cindata.esp.service.IPirceTendencyService;
-
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
-
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
-
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
-
-
@Slf4j
-
public
class ReceiverRedisMessage {
-
-
private CountDownLatch latch;
-
-
@Autowired
-
IPirceTendencyService priceTendencyService;
-
-
@Autowired
-
INetListingService netListingService;
-
-
@Autowired
-
ICaseService caseService;
-
-
@Autowired
-
IForeclosureService foreclosureService;
-
-
@Autowired
-
public ReceiverRedisMessage(CountDownLatch latch) {
-
this.latch = latch;
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* 价格趋势和市场队列消息接收方法
-
* @param jsonMsg
-
*/
-
public void priceReceive( String jsonMsg) {
-
log.info(
"[开始消费REDIS消息队列PRICE_TOPIC数据...]");
-
try{
-
PriceTendencySituation priceTendencySituation = JSON.parseObject(jsonMsg, PriceTendencySituation.class);
-
priceTendencyService.save(priceTendencySituation);
-
log.info(
"[消费REDIS消息队列PRICE_TOPIC数据成功.]");
-
}
catch(Exception e){
-
log.error(
"[消费REDIS消息队列PRICE_TOPIC数据失败,失败信息:{}]", e.getMessage());
-
}
-
latch.countDown();
-
}
-
-
-
/**
-
* 挂牌案例队列消息接收方法
-
* @param jsonMsg
-
*/
-
public void listingReceive( String jsonMsg) {
-
log.info(
"[开始消费REDIS消息队列LISTING_TOPIC数据...]");
-
try{
-
NetListingHistory netListingHistory = JSON.parseObject(jsonMsg, NetListingHistory.class);
-
netListingService.save(netListingHistory);
-
log.info(
"[消费REDIS消息队列LISTING_TOPIC数据成功.]");
-
}
catch(Exception e){
-
log.error(
"[消费REDIS消息队列LISTING_TOPIC数据失败,失败信息:{}]", e.getMessage());
-
}
-
latch.countDown();
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* 交易案例队列消息接收方法
-
* @param jsonMsg
-
*/
-
public void caseReceive( String jsonMsg) {
-
log.info(
"[开始消费REDIS消息队列CASE_TOPIC数据...]");
-
try{
-
CaseHistory caseHistory = JSON.parseObject(jsonMsg, CaseHistory.class);
-
caseService.save(caseHistory);
-
log.info(
"[消费REDIS消息队列CASE_TOPIC数据成功.]");
-
}
catch(Exception e){
-
log.error(
"[消费REDIS消息队列CASE_TOPIC数据失败,失败信息:{}]", e.getMessage());
-
}
-
latch.countDown();
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* 法拍案例队列消息接收方法
-
* @param jsonMsg
-
*/
-
public void foreclosureReceive( String jsonMsg) {
-
log.info(
"[开始消费REDIS消息队列FORECLOSURE_TOPIC数据...]");
-
try{
-
ForeclosureHistory foreclosureHistory = JSON.parseObject(jsonMsg, ForeclosureHistory.class);
-
foreclosureService.save(foreclosureHistory);
-
log.info(
"[消费REDIS消息队列FORECLOSURE_TOPIC数据成功.]");
-
}
catch(Exception e){
-
log.error(
"[消费REDIS消息队列FORECLOSURE_TOPIC数据失败,失败信息:{}]", e.getMessage());
-
}
-
latch.countDown();
-
}
-
}
这样,应用启动时,消息的订阅方(subscriber)就注册好了。这时候只要使用一个简单的程序,模拟publisher,向指定topic发布消息,RedisMessageListener就可以接收到消息,spring-redis的写法是这样:
redisTemplate.convertAndSend("PRICE_TOPIC", "hello world!");
发布订阅模式,在集群化部署时会重复消费数据,暂时还没找到一个类似消费kafka数据手工维护偏移量的方法。