SQL经典练习题45道

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分类专栏： SQL练习文章标签： mysql sql

于 2020-09-29 15:55:29 首次发布

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基于MySQL语法

1. 四张表结构

学生表
student(s_id,s_name,s_birth,s_sex) –学生编号,学生姓名, 出生年月,学生性别
课程表
course(c_id,c_name,t_id) – –课程编号, 课程名称, 教师编号
教师表
teacher(t_id,t_name) –教师编号,教师姓名
成绩表
score(s_id,c_id,s_score) –学生编号,课程编号,分数

2. 建表语句

# 学生表
CREATE TABLE `student` (
    `s_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    PRIMARY KEY (`s_id`)
);
# 课程表
CREATE TABLE `course` (
    `c_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`c_id`)
);
# 教师表
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
    `t_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    PRIMARY KEY (`t_id`)
);
# 成绩表
CREATE TABLE `score` (
    `s_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `c_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `s_score` INT(3),
    PRIMARY KEY (`s_id`, `c_id`)
);
# 插入学生表测试数据
INSERT INTO student
VALUES ('01', '赵雷', '1990-01-01', '男'),
       ('02', '钱电', '1990-12-21', '男'),
       ('03', '孙风', '1990-05-20', '男'),
       ('04', '李云', '1990-08-06', '男'),
       ('05', '周梅', '1991-12-01', '女'),
       ('06', '吴兰', '1992-03-01', '女'),
       ('07', '郑竹', '1989-07-01', '女'),
       ('08', '王菊', '1990-01-20', '女');
# 课程表测试数据
INSERT INTO course
VALUES ('01', '语文', '02'),
       ('02', '数学', '01'),
       ('03', '英语', '03');
# 教师表测试数据
INSERT INTO teacher
VALUES ('01', '张三'),
       ('02', '李四'),
       ('03', '王五');
# 成绩表测试数据
INSERT INTO score
VALUES ('01', '01', 80),
       ('01', '02', 90),
       ('01', '03', 99),
       ('02', '01', 70),
       ('02', '02', 60),
       ('02', '03', 80),
       ('03', '01', 80),
       ('03', '02', 80),
       ('03', '03', 80),
       ('04', '01', 50),
       ('04', '02', 30),
       ('04', '03', 20),
       ('05', '01', 76),
       ('05', '02', 87),
       ('06', '01', 31),
       ('06', '03', 34),
       ('07', '02', 89),
       ('07', '03', 98);

3. 答案（仅供参考）

-- 1、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
SELECT stu.*, s1.s_score AS '语文', s2.s_score AS '数学'
FROM student stu
     JOIN score s1 ON stu.s_id = s1.s_id AND s1.c_id = 01
     JOIN score s2 ON stu.s_id = s2.s_id AND s2.c_id = 02
WHERE s1.s_score > s2.s_score;

-- 2、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数
SELECT stu.*, s1.s_score AS '语文', s2.s_score AS '数学'
FROM student stu
     JOIN score s1 ON stu.s_id = s1.s_id AND s1.c_id = 01
     JOIN score s2 ON stu.s_id = s2.s_id AND s2.c_id = 02
WHERE s1.s_score < s2.s_score;

-- 3、查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
SELECT stu.*, AVG(sc.s_score) AS '平均分'
FROM student stu
     LEFT JOIN score sc ON stu.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY stu.s_id
HAVING AVG(sc.s_score) >= 60;

-- 4、查询平均成绩小于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩（包括有成绩的和无成绩的）
SELECT stu.*, AVG(sc.s_score) AS '平均分'
FROM student stu
     LEFT JOIN score sc ON stu.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY stu.s_id
HAVING AVG(sc.s_score) < 60
    OR AVG(sc.s_score) IS NULL;

-- 5、查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩
SELECT stu.*, x.总成绩, x.选课总数
FROM student stu
     LEFT JOIN (SELECT SUM(sc.s_score) AS 总成绩, COUNT(sc.c_id) AS 选课总数, sc.s_id
                FROM course c
                     JOIN score sc ON c.c_id = sc.c_id
                GROUP BY sc.s_id) x ON stu.s_id = x.s_id;

-- 6、查询"李"姓老师的数量
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM teacher t
WHERE t.t_name LIKE '李%';

-- 7、查询学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
SELECT *
FROM student stu
WHERE stu.s_id IN (SELECT s_id
                   FROM teacher t
                        JOIN course c ON t.t_id = c.t_id
                        JOIN score s ON c.c_id = s.c_id
                   WHERE t.t_name = '张三');

-- 8、查询没学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
SELECT *
FROM student stu
WHERE stu.s_id NOT IN (SELECT s_id
                       FROM teacher t
                            JOIN course c ON t.t_id = c.t_id
                            JOIN score s ON c.c_id = s.c_id
                       WHERE t.t_name = '张三');

-- 9、查询学过编号为"01"并且也学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息
SELECT *
FROM student stu
     LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id = '01') sc1 ON stu.s_id = sc1.s_id
     LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id = '02') sc2 ON stu.s_id = sc2.s_id
WHERE sc1.c_id = '01'
  AND sc2.c_id = '02';

-- 10、查询学过编号为"01"但是没有学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息
SELECT *
FROM student stu
     LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id = '01') sc1 ON stu.s_id = sc1.s_id
     LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id = '02') sc2 ON stu.s_id = sc2.s_id
WHERE sc1.c_id = '01'
  AND sc2.c_id IS NULL;

-- 11、查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
SELECT *
FROM student st
WHERE st.s_id IN (SELECT sc.s_id FROM score sc GROUP BY sc.s_id HAVING COUNT(*) < (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM course));

-- 12、查询至少有一门课与学号为"01"的同学所学相同的同学的信息
SELECT *
FROM student stu
WHERE stu.s_id IN
      (SELECT DISTINCT s_id FROM score WHERE c_id IN (SELECT c_id FROM score WHERE s_id = '01') AND s_id != '01');

-- 13、查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
SELECT *
FROM student
WHERE s_id IN (SELECT s_id
               FROM score t1
               GROUP BY s_id
               HAVING GROUP_CONCAT(c_id) = (SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(c_id) FROM score WHERE s_id = '01')
                  AND s_id != '01');

-- 14、查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
SELECT s_name
FROM student
WHERE s_id NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT s_id
                   FROM score
                   WHERE c_id IN (SELECT t2.c_id
                                  FROM teacher t1,
                                       course t2
                                  WHERE t1.t_id = t2.t_id
                                    AND t1.t_name = '张三'));

-- 15、查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩
SELECT st.s_id, s_name, x.avg
FROM student st
     JOIN (SELECT s_id, AVG(s_score) AS avg FROM score WHERE s_score < 60 GROUP BY s_id HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2) x
     ON st.s_id = x.s_id;

-- 16、检索"01"课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息
SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, x.s_score, x.c_id
FROM student st
     RIGHT JOIN (SELECT * FROM score sc WHERE sc.c_id = '01' AND sc.s_score < 60) x ON st.s_id = x.s_id
ORDER BY s_score DESC;

-- 17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
SELECT st.s_id AS 编号,
       st.s_name AS 姓名,
       MAX(IF(c.c_name = '语文', sc.s_score, 0)) AS 语文,
       MAX(IF(c.c_name = '数学', sc.s_score, 0)) AS 数学,
       MAX(IF(c.c_name = '英语', sc.s_score, 0)) AS 英语,
       AVG(sc.s_score) AS 平均分
FROM student st
     LEFT JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
     LEFT JOIN course c ON sc.c_id = c.c_id
GROUP BY st.s_id
ORDER BY 平均分 DESC;

-- 18.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率
-- 及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90
SELECT co.c_id, co.c_name,
       MAX(sc.s_score) AS '最高分',
       MIN(sc.s_score) AS '最低分',
       ROUND(AVG(sc.s_score), 2) AS '平均分',
       SUM(IF(sc.s_score >= 60, 1, 0)) / COUNT(sc.s_id) AS '及格率',
       SUM(IF(sc.s_score >= 70 AND sc.s_score < 80, 1, 0)) / COUNT(sc.s_id) AS '中等率',
       SUM(IF(sc.s_score >= 80 AND sc.s_score < 90, 1, 0)) / COUNT(sc.s_id) AS '优良率',
       SUM(IF(sc.s_score >= 90, 1, 0)) / COUNT(sc.s_id) AS '优秀率'
FROM course co
     LEFT JOIN score sc ON co.c_id = sc.c_id
GROUP BY co.c_id, co.c_name;

-- 19、按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名(实现不完全)
SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC) AS rk
FROM score
ORDER BY c_id, rk;

-- 20、查询学生的总成绩并进行排名
SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, (IF(SUM(sc.s_score) IS NULL, 0, SUM(sc.s_score)))
FROM student st
     LEFT JOIN score sc ON sc.s_id = st.s_id
GROUP BY st.s_id
ORDER BY SUM(sc.s_score) DESC;

-- 21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示
SELECT t1.t_name, t1.c_name, AVG(s_score)
FROM score sc
     RIGHT JOIN (SELECT te.t_name, co.*
                 FROM teacher te
                      LEFT JOIN course co ON te.t_id = co.t_id) t1 ON sc.c_id = t1.c_id
GROUP BY t1.t_name, t1.c_name
ORDER BY AVG(s_score) DESC;

-- 22、查询所有课程的成绩第2名到第3名的学生信息及该课程成绩
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT st.s_name, c.c_name, sc.s_score, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY c.c_id ORDER BY sc.s_score DESC ) AS rk
      FROM student st
           LEFT JOIN score sc ON sc.s_id = st.s_id
           LEFT JOIN course c ON c.c_id = sc.c_id) t1
WHERE rk BETWEEN 2 AND 3;

-- 23、统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[0-60]及所占百分比
SELECT co.c_id, co.c_name,
       SUM(IF(sc.s_score > 85 AND sc.s_score <= 100, 1, 0)) AS '[100-85]',
       SUM(IF(sc.s_score > 70 AND sc.s_score <= 85, 1, 0)) AS '[85-70]',
       SUM(IF(sc.s_score > 60 AND sc.s_score <= 70, 1, 0)) AS '[70-60]',
       SUM(IF(sc.s_score > 0 AND sc.s_score <= 60, 1, 0)) AS '[60-0]'
FROM course co
     LEFT JOIN score sc ON co.c_id = sc.c_id
GROUP BY co.c_id, co.c_name;

-- 24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次
SELECT st.s_name, AVG(sc.s_score), ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY AVG(sc.s_score) DESC)
FROM student st
     JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY st.s_name;

-- 25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT c_name, s_name, s_score, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY c_name ORDER BY s_score DESC ) AS rk
      FROM student st
           JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
           JOIN course c ON c.c_id = sc.c_id) t1
WHERE rk <= 3;

-- 26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数
SELECT c_name, COUNT(*) AS 人数
FROM course co
     JOIN score sc ON co.c_id = sc.c_id
GROUP BY c_name;

-- 27、查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name
FROM student st
     JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY st.s_id, st.s_name
HAVING COUNT(sc.c_id) = 2;

-- 28、查询男生、女生人数
SELECT s_sex, COUNT(*) AS 人数
FROM student
GROUP BY s_sex;

-- 29、查询名字中含有"风"字的学生信息
SELECT *
FROM student
WHERE s_name LIKE '%风%';

-- 30、查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数
SELECT s_name, COUNT(*)
FROM student
GROUP BY s_name
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;

-- 31、查询1990年出生的学生名单
SELECT *
FROM student
WHERE s_birth LIKE '1990%';

-- 32、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列
SELECT co.c_id, co.c_name, ROUND(AVG(sc.s_score), 2) AS avg
FROM course co
     JOIN score sc ON sc.c_id = co.c_id
GROUP BY co.c_id, co.c_name
ORDER BY avg DESC, co.c_id ASC;

-- 33、查询平均成绩大于等于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, ROUND(AVG(s_score), 2) AS avg
FROM student st
     JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY st.s_id, st.s_name
HAVING avg >= 85;

-- 34、查询课程名称为"数学"，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数
SELECT st.s_name, sc.s_score
FROM student st
     JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
     JOIN course co ON sc.c_id = co.c_id
WHERE co.c_name = '数学'
  AND sc.s_score < 60;

-- 35、查询所有学生的课程及分数情况；
SELECT s_name, group_concat(s_score), group_concat(c_name)
FROM student st
     LEFT JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
     LEFT JOIN course co ON sc.c_id = co.c_id
GROUP BY s_name;

-- 36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
SELECT st.s_name, group_concat(c_name), group_concat(s_score)
FROM student st
     JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
     JOIN course co ON sc.c_id = co.c_id
WHERE sc.s_score > 70
GROUP BY st.s_name;

-- 37、查询不及格的课程
SELECT st.s_name, co.c_name, sc.s_score
FROM student st
     JOIN score sc ON sc.s_id = st.s_id
     JOIN course co ON co.c_id = sc.c_id
WHERE sc.s_score < 60;

-- 38、查询课程编号为01且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名
SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, sc.s_score
FROM student st
     JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
WHERE c_id = '01'
  AND s_score > 80;

-- 39、求每门课程的学生人数
SELECT c_name, COUNT(*) AS 人数
FROM course co
     JOIN score sc ON co.c_id = sc.c_id
GROUP BY co.c_id;

-- 40、查询选修"张三"老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
SELECT st.*, s_score
FROM student st
     JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
     JOIN course co ON co.c_id = sc.c_id
     JOIN teacher te ON te.t_id = co.t_id
WHERE t_name = '张三'
ORDER BY s_score DESC
LIMIT 1;

-- 41、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
SELECT st1.s_id, st1.s_name, sc1.c_id, sc1.s_score
FROM student st1
     JOIN score sc1 ON st1.s_id = sc1.s_id
     JOIN student st2
     JOIN score sc2 ON st2.s_id = sc2.s_id
WHERE sc1.s_score = sc2.s_score
  AND sc1.c_id != sc2.c_id
GROUP BY sc1.c_id, sc1.s_id;

-- 42、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名
SELECT s_id, c_id, s_score
FROM (SELECT s_id, c_id, s_score, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC) AS rk FROM score) t1
WHERE rk <= 2;

-- 43、统计每门课程的选修人数（超过5人的课程才统计）。要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序，课程号升序。
SELECT sc.c_id, c_name, COUNT(*) AS sum
FROM course co
     JOIN score sc ON co.c_id = sc.c_id
GROUP BY sc.c_id
ORDER BY sum DESC, sc.c_id;

-- 44、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
SELECT st.s_id
FROM student st
     LEFT JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY st.s_id
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2;

-- 45、查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
SELECT st.*
FROM student st
     LEFT JOIN score sc ON sc.s_id = st.s_id
GROUP BY st.s_id
HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM course);