Oracle Listener TNS-12547 TNS-12560 TNS-00517错误解决

lsnrctl start 启动报错：

[oracle@DBKAIFA131 ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 20-FEB-2020 11:09:27

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /home/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /home/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /home/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/DBKAIFA131/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.10.28.131)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.10.28.131)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00517: Lost contact
   Linux Error: 104: Connection reset by peer
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))
TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00517: Lost contact
   Linux Error: 104: Connection reset by peer

查看Listener.ora文件配置内容：

[oracle@DBKAIFA131 admin]$ more listener.ora 
LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.10.28.131)(PORT=1521))
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))

SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=ora)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/home/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME=ora))
    (SID_DESC=
      (SID_NAME=plsextproc)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/home/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM=extproc)))

listener.ora配置没问题，继续检查etc/hosts文件内容：

127.0.0.1   DBKAIFA131
10.10.28.131 DBKAIFA131

有问题进行修改：

127.0.0.1   localhost.localdomain localhost
10.10.28.131 DBKAIFA131

后再启动listener.ora成功：

[oracle@DBKAIFA131 admin]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 20-FEB-2020 11:18:00

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /home/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /home/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /home/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/DBKAIFA131/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.10.28.131)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.10.28.131)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                20-FEB-2020 11:18:02
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /home/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /home/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/DBKAIFA131/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.10.28.131)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ora", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "plsextproc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "plsextproc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

分析原因：

Linux主机名的相关配置文件就是/etc/hosts;这个文件告诉本主机哪些域名对应那些ip，那些主机名对应哪些ip；

hosts文件的格式如下：
IP地址 主机名/域名
第一部份：网络IP地址； 
第二部份：主机名或域名；
第三部份：主机名别名；

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost  记录了本机的ip和主机名。

如果少了这行配置，listener是启动不了的，原因如下：

127.0.0.1因为这个地址是循回地址，主要作用有两个：一是测试本机的网络配置，能PING通127.0.0.1说明本机的网卡和IP协议安装都没有问题；另一个作用是某些SERVER/CLIENT的应用程序在运行时需调用服务器上的资源，一般要指定SERVER的IP地址，但当该程序要在同一台机器上运行而没有别的SERVER时就可以把SERVER的资源装在本机，SERVER的IP地址设为127.0.0.1也同样可以运行。

分析ORACLE监听启动过程：ORACLE在启动监听的过程中，首先会检查本地网络是否OK。这就会用到127.0.0.1。因此如果不配置的话会影响。