Ubuntu 安装Nginx(详细)

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-07 23:43:23 发布

HMM316

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-07 23:43:23 发布

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本文档详细记录了在Ubuntu系统中创建Nginx用户、建立工作目录、安装依赖、编译及启动Nginx的过程，并展示了如何通过环境变量使得nginx命令可用。此外，还验证了Nginx的正确运行并通过curl测试了本地访问。

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1、创建nginx账号

root@ubuntu:/usr# useradd -m nginx
root@ubuntu:/usr# passwd nginx
Enter new UNIX password: 
Retype new UNIX password: 
passwd: password updated successfully
root@ubuntu:/usr# su nginx

# 为nginx添加bash权限，默认为sh
vi /etc/passwd

# 修改如下/bin/bash
nginx:x:1001:1001::/home/nginx:/bin/bash

2、创建nginx工作目录

nginx@ubuntu:/$ cd /usr/local/
nginx@ubuntu:/$ sudo mkdir nginx
nginx@ubuntu:/$ sudo chown nginx:nginx nginx/
nginx@ubuntu:/$ cd nginx
nginx@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx$ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.0.tar.gz
--2021-06-07 01:18:15--  http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.0.tar.gz
Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 3.125.197.172, 52.58.199.22, 2a05:d014:edb:5704::6, ...
Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|3.125.197.172|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1063682 (1.0M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘nginx-1.21.0.tar.gz’

nginx-1.21.0.tar.gz                        100%[======================================================================================>]   1.01M   188KB/s    in 5.5s    

2021-06-07 01:18:22 (188 KB/s) - ‘nginx-1.21.0.tar.gz’ saved [1063682/1063682]

nginx@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx$ tar -zxf nginx-1.21.0.tar.gz 

nginx@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx$ cd nginx-1.21.0/

3、准备nginx 环境

#解决依赖包openssl安装
sudo apt-get install openssl libssl-dev

#解决依赖包pcre安装
sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev

#解决依赖包zlib安装
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev

4、编译nginx

nginx@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.21.0$ ./configure 
nginx@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.21.0$ make
nginx@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.21.0$ make install

5、启动nginx

#需使用root账号启动，否则报  Permission denied
nginx@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx/$ sudo ./sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

6、检查状态

nginx@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ ps -aux | grep nginx

root      19782  0.0  0.0  25212   412 ?        Ss   01:45   0:00 nginx: master process ./nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody    19783  0.0  0.0  30040  2960 ?        S    01:45   0:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     19801  0.0  0.0  46780  3520 pts/0    R+   01:47   0:00 ps -aux
nginx     19802  0.0  0.0  21544  1012 pts/0    S+   01:47   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

7、测试访问

curl http://localhost

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

8、使用nginx 命令

# 提示命令不存在
root@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx# nginx -t

Command 'nginx' not found, but can be installed with:


# 添加环境变量
root@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx# vim /etc/profile

# 在最后追加
NGINX_HOME=/usr/local/nginx/sbin
export PATH=$NGINX_HOME:$PATH

# source /etc/profile  使配置文件立即生效
root@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx# source /etc/profile 

# 成功
root@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful