Chapter 2 Classes and Object

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已于 2023-02-22 13:37:12 修改

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5. Public and Private

6. Static

7. Constructor

8. Accessors, Mutators, Static methods, Static methods in Diver class

9. method overloading

10. instance variable

11. calling methods

1. Object

Def ( big java p25): objects are entities in the program that are manipulated by calling methods.

An object is characterized by its state and behavior.

2. Classes

Def ( barron p93): a class is a software blueprint for implementing objects of a given type.

An object is a single instance of the class

3. Methods

Def ( barron p93): the methods of the class provide both the behaviors exhibited by the object and the operations that manipulate the object.

Combining an object's data and methods into a single unit called a class is known as encapsulation.

4. Varible

Def ( big java p26): a varible is a storage location in a computer program.

5. Public and Private ( barron p94 ）

public -- usable for all programs

private -- usable only in its package

6. Static ( barron p94 )

A static variable contains a value that is shared by all instances of the class.

Static -- memory allocation happens once

final -- constant / = the value can not be changed

7. Constructor

参考：Default Constructor in Java – Class Constructor Example

A constructor creates an object of the class.

always have the same name with the class

no return type
default constructor

no-argument constructor:

public class library {
    String bookname;
    int ISBN;

    //library constructor
    //no-argument constructor
    public library(){
        bookname="Harry Potter";
        ISBN=123;
    }

    public static void main(String args[]){
        library a = new library();
        System.out.println(a.ISBN);
    }
}

输出结果：

parameterized coonstructor:

(1) without this

public class library {
    String bookname;
    int ISBN;

    //library constructor
    //parameterized constructor
    public library(String bookname, int ISBN){
        bookname=bookname;
        ISBN=ISBN;
    }

    public static void main(String args[]){
        library a = new library("Harry Potter", 123);
        System.out.println(a.ISBN);
    }
}

输出结果：

(2) with this

public class library {
    String bookname;
    int ISBN;

    //library constructor
    //parameterized constructor
    public library(String bookname, int ISBN){
        this.bookname=bookname;
        this.ISBN=ISBN;
    }

    public static void main(String args[]){
        library a = new library("Harry Potter", 123);
        System.out.println(a.ISBN);
    }
}

输出结果：