螺旋矩阵（中等题）

class Solution:
    def generateMatrix(self, n: int) -> List[List[int]]:
        '''
        思路：
            参考前面螺旋矩阵， 将前面的取数操作变为赋值操作即可；注意初始化结果数组涉及深浅复制问题，用for来初始化
        '''
        res = [[0 for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(n)]
        up, left, num = 0, 0, 1
        down, right = n-1, n-1
        while True:
            for i in range(left, right+1):
                res[up][i] = num
                num += 1
            up += 1
            if up > down:
                break
            for i in range(up, down+1):
                res[i][right] = num
                num += 1
            right -= 1
            if right < left:
                break
            for i in range(left, right+1)[::-1]:
                res[down][i] = num
                num += 1
            down -= 1
            if down < up:
                break
            for i in range(up, down+1)[::-1]:
                res[i][left] = num
                num += 1
            left += 1
            if left > right:
                break
        return res