在学习网络编程之前,一直疑惑浏览器是怎么进行工作的,因此有了这个项目。虽然代码不多,但是也基本实现了浏览器和服务器之间的通信过程。
项目描述:在 Linux 操作系统下,模拟 Apache 服务器,使用 TCP、HTTP 等协议实现服务器与浏览器之间的交互通信。
实现过程:首先创建socket套接字,通过 htons 函数将主机字节序转换为网络字节序、绑定端口号等一系列操作建立TCP 连接。其次,服务器接收浏览器发来的 HTTP 请求,进行解析、应答,并将获取到的文件内容发送给浏览器。最后,浏览器根据接收到的信息进行 HTML 页面解析,将文件内容可视化输出到屏幕。
具体实现代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h> //htons的头文件
#include <fcntl.h>
void get_filename(char buff[],char filename[])
{
if(buff == NULL || filename == NULL )
{
return;
}
char* s = strtok(buff," ");
if(s == NULL)
{
return;
}
printf("method:%s\n",s);
s = strtok(NULL," ");
if(s == NULL || strcmp(s,"/") == 0)
{
strcpy(filename,"/index.html");
return;
}
strcpy(filename,s);
return;
}
int main()
{
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); // 创建套接字;SOCK_STREAM 流式套接字,提供面向连接的、可靠的数据报服务
assert( sockfd != -1);
struct sockaddr_in saddr,caddr;
memset(&saddr,0,sizeof(saddr)); //初始化saddr
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET; //地址族
saddr.sin_port = htons(80); //端口号,http端口号为80; htons() 将主机字节序转换为网络字节序
saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //IP地址
//sockaddr_in结构体中套了一个in_addr结构体,in_addr中只有一个参数s_addr
//inet_addr() 将字符串"127.0.0.1"转换为一个整型值
int res = bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&saddr,sizeof(saddr)); //将saddr的地址与套接字sockfd绑定 即命名
assert(res != -1); //出错的情况:1.IP地址不对; 2.端口号被占用或没有权限使用
listen(sockfd,5); //启动监听
while(1)
{
int len = sizeof(caddr);
int c = accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&caddr,&len); //从已完成的连接队列中取出一个客户端进行读取数据
if(c < 0)
{
continue; //跳出本次循环,进行下一次循环
}
printf("accept ip:%s\n",inet_ntoa(caddr.sin_addr));
char recvbuff[1024] = {0}; //存放从客户端读取的数据
if( recv(c,recvbuff,1023,0) <= 0 ) //recv() 会阻塞运行
{
close(c);
continue;
}
printf("recv:\n%s\n",recvbuff);
char filename[128] = {0};
get_filename(recvbuff,filename);
if(filename[0] == 0)
{
char sendbuff[512] = {0};
strcpy(sendbuff,"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n");
strcat(sendbuff,"Server: myhttp\r\n");
strcat(sendbuff,"Content-Length: 12\r\n");
strcat(sendbuff,"\r\n");
strcat(sendbuff,"NO filename!");
send(c,sendbuff,strlen(sendbuff),0);
close(c);
continue;
}
char path[256] = {"/home/stu/src/test03_04s"};
strcat(path,filename);
printf("path=%s\n",path);
int fd = open(path,O_RDONLY);
if(fd == -1)
{
char sendbuff[512] = {0};
strcpy(sendbuff,"HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n");
strcat(sendbuff,"Server: myhttp\r\n");
strcat(sendbuff,"Content-Length: 14\r\n");
strcat(sendbuff,"\r\n");
strcat(sendbuff,"not find file!");
send(c,sendbuff,strlen(sendbuff),0);
close(c);
continue;
}
int size = lseek(fd,0,SEEK_END);
lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
char sendbuff[512] = {0};
strcpy(sendbuff,"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n");
strcat(sendbuff,"Server: myhttp\r\n");
sprintf(sendbuff+strlen(sendbuff),"Content-Length:%d\r\n",size);
strcat(sendbuff,"\r\n");
printf("sendbuff:\n%s",sendbuff);
send(c,sendbuff,strlen(sendbuff),0);
char databuff[1024] = {0};
int num = 0;
while((num = read(fd,databuff,1024)) >0)
{
send(c,databuff,num,0);
}
close(fd);
close(c);
}
}