【系列】EOS开发3 EOS提供的程序和工具

上一篇文章使用了nodeos命令来启动eos服务，这一篇文章，就来介绍一下eos提供的相关程序和工具。

• nodeos
  EOSIO的核心守护进程，它可通过插件配置来启动一个节点。

• cleos
  这是一个命令行工具，它跟nodeos开放的REST API接口进行交互。在cleos使用时需要带上 nodeos实例的IP和端口。此外，cleos提供全面的命令行提示，如果不清楚说那个什么参数，可直接输 cleos 回车后会打印出 参数说明。如果需要查看子命令后的参数，也是如此，比如 输入 cleos create

ERROR: RequiredError: Subcommand required
Create various items, on and off the blockchain
Usage: ./cleos create SUBCOMMAND

Subcommands:
  key                         Create a new keypair and print the public and private keys
  account                     Create a new account on the blockchain

• keosd
  EOSIO钱包守护进程，它云加载钱包相关插件，比如http接口和RPC API

• launcher
  launcher应用程序简化了在LAN和WAN网络上多个nodeos节点的分布

• eosiocpp
  eosiocpp通过检查合约源代码中定义内容的类型，来生成ABI规范文件
  为了指示一个类型需要导出到ABI文件，在类型声明上必须加上@abi这个注解， 比如

  @abi action [name name2 ... nameN]
  @abi table [index_type name] 
  

  要生成abi文件，esoiocpp必须加-g

  # eosiocpp -g abi.json types.hpp
  Generated abi.json ...
  

  eosiocpp也可以生成 helper function 来序列化/反序列化 ABI 文件里声明的类型

  例如

  声明一个action

    #include <eosiolib/eosio.hpp>
    
    class example : public eosio::contract {
       //@abi action
       void exampleaction( uint64_t param1, uint64_t param2, std::string param3 ) {
       }
    };
  
    {
      "types": [],
      "structs": [{
          "name": "exampleaction",
          "base": "",
          "fields": [{
               "name": "param1",
               "type": "uint64"
            },{
               "name": "param2",
               "type": "uint64"
            },{        
               "name": "param3",
               "type": "string"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "actions": [{
          "name": "exampleaction",
          "type": "exampleaction",
          "ricardian_contract": ""
        }
      ],
      "tables": [],
      "ricardian_clauses": [],
      "abi_extensions": []
    }
  

  声明一张 table

    #include <eosiolib/eosio.hpp>
    
    //@abi table my_table
    struct my_record {
      uint64_t    ssn;
      std::string fullname;
      uint64_t primary_key() const { return key; }
    };
    {
      "types": [],
      "structs": [{
          "name": "my_record",
          "base": "",
          "fields": [{
            "name": "ssn",
            "type": "uint64"
          },{
            "name": "fullname",
            "type": "string"
          }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "actions": [],
      "tables": [{
          "name": "my_table",
          "index_type": "i64",
          "key_names": [
            "ssn"
          ],
          "key_types": [
            "uint64"
          ],
          "type": "my_record"
        }
      ],
      "ricardian_clauses": [],
      "abi_extensions": []
    }
  
  

  typedef exporting

      #include <eosiolib/eosio.hpp>
    struct simple {
      uint64_t u64;
    };
    
    typedef simple simple_alias;
    typedef eosio::name name_alias;
    
    class examplecontract : eosio::contract {
    //@abi action
       void actionone( uint32_t param1, name_alias param2, simple_alias param3 ) {}
    };
    {
      "types": [{
          "new_type_name": "simple_alias",
          "type": "simple"
        },{
          "new_type_name": "name_alias",
          "type": "name"
        }
      ],
      "structs": [{
          "name": "simple",
          "base": "",
          "fields": [{
            "type": "uint64",
            "name": "u64"
          }]
        },{
          "name": "actionone",
          "base": "",
          "fields": [{
            "type": "uint32",
            "name": "param1"
          },{
            "type": "name_alias",
            "name": "param2"
          },{
            "type": "simple_alias",
            "name": "param3"
          }
         ]
        }
      ],
      "actions": [{
          "name": "actionone",
          "type": "actionone",
          "ricardian_contract": ""
        }
      ],
      "tables": [],
      "ricardian_clauses": [],
      "abi_extensions": []
    }
  

  使用生成的序列化/反序列化函数并明确用户自定义的apply

    #include <eosiolib/eosio.hpp>
    
    struct simple {
      uint32_t u32;
    };
    
    struct my_complex_type {
      uint64_t u64;
      std::string str;
      simple simple;
      eosio::bytes bytes;
      public_key pub;
    };
    
    typedef my_complex_type complex;
    
    //@abi action
    struct test_action {
      uint32_t u32;
      complex cplx;
    };
    
    extern "C" {
       void apply( uint64_t code, uint64_t action, uint64_t receiver ) {
          if( code == N(mycontract) ) {
             if( action == N(testaction) ) {
                eosio::print("test_action content\n");
                test_action testact = eosio::unpack_action_data<test_action>();
                eosio::print_f( "Test action : % %", testact.u32, testact.cplx.u64 );
            }
         }
       }
    }
  

  注意，action名和table名都不能使用下划线

  使用测试变量来调用合约

  cleos push action testaccount testaction '{"u32":"1000", "cplx":{"u64":"472", "str":"hello", "bytes":"B0CA", "pub":"EOS8CY2pCW5THmzvPTgEh5WLEAxgpVFXaPogPvgvVpVWCYMRdzmwx", "simple":{"u32":"123"}}}' -p testaccount
  

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