Linux中安装MySQL(个人整理自用版)

Linux中安装MySQL

1. 查看并卸载旧版MySQL

• 查看是否有一下载rpm包，敲命令
  rpm -qa|grep mysql
  若有则使用 rpm -e 进行卸载
• 查找残留的mysql包，若有则删除find / -name mysql

2. 安装相关依赖包

yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel numactl libaio

3. 创建MySQL相关系统用户和组

groupadd mysql
# 新建mysql用户并禁用ssh登录
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql

4. 下载并解压二进制安装包

官网Mysql下载地址
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

cd /usr/local
# 使用wget下载
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
# 若下载版本安装包为tar.gz，可以使用tar命令直接解压
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
# 解压后重命名
mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

# 若下载的最新版本，如Mysql8，包后缀为tar.xz
eg. wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
# 解压tar.xz
xz -d mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
tar -xvf mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
# 或者使用tar xvJf直接解压
tar xvJf mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
# 解压后重命名
mv /usr/local/mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

# 更改文件夹所属组和用户
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql

5. 创建MySQL相关目录并更改权限

mkdir /data
mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,logs,tmp}
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/

6. 修改MySQL配置文件my.cnf

vim /etc/my.cnf

# 其中内容模板
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql        
datadir = /data/mysql/data  
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file  = /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid
tmpdir = /data/mysql/tmp    
skip_name_resolve = 1
symbolic-links=0
max_connections = 2000
group_concat_max_len = 1024000
sql_mode = NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
lower_case_table_names = 1
log_timestamps=SYSTEM
character-set-server = utf8mb4
interactive_timeout = 1800  
wait_timeout = 1800
max_allowed_packet = 32M
binlog_cache_size = 4M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
tmp_table_size = 96M
max_heap_table_size = 96M
max_length_for_sort_data = 8096

server-id = 1003306
log-error = /data/mysql/logs/error.log
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/logs/slow.log
long_query_time = 3
log-bin = /data/mysql/logs/binlog
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 15
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
relay-log = /data/mysql/logs/relay-bin
relay-log-index= /data/mysql/logs/relay-bin.index
relay-log-recovery = 1
relay_log_purge = 1

innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 4000
innodb_flush_neighbors = 0
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld.pid

7. 配置mysql.server

cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
vim /etc/init.d/mysql
# 修改/etc/init.d/mysql属性配置
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data

# 注册为开机自启动服务
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig --list

# 注册为linux全局命令
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  /usr/bin

8. 添加环境变量

echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile  
source /etc/profile

9. MySQL初始化

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld  --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
# 初始root用户密码可以在errlog中查看
more /data/mysql/logs/error.log |grep password

10. 启动MySQL

service mysql start

mysql -u root -p密码
# 更改root用户密码
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';
flush privileges;

附录. 过程中常见错误及处理方式

1. aws amazon ec2中启动mysql后执行登录命令报错
   mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
   解决方式：yum install libncurses*
   
2. 启动mysql时，若出现类似于mysql: error while loading shared libraries: xxxxxx: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
	解决方式：查看启动命令依赖类库是否有多个缺失
	使用 ldd /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
	若仅此一个，使用 yum install xxxxxx 直接安装