linux 下修改用户名

linux 下修改用户名

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以下步骤请认真修改核对，操作失误很可能导致无法登入系统

1. 以root身份登录

系统文件的修改需要root权限

sudo su

2. 修改/etc/passwd这个文件中的用户名部分、用户组部分和主目录部分

假设新用户为lisin_v3，旧用户为lisin

sudo vim /etc/passwd


root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-timesync:x:100:102:systemd Time Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
systemd-network:x:101:103:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/bin/false
systemd-resolve:x:102:104:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/bin/false
systemd-bus-proxy:x:103:105:systemd Bus Proxy,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
syslog:x:104:108::/home/syslog:/bin/false
_apt:x:105:65534::/nonexistent:/bin/false
messagebus:x:106:110::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
uuidd:x:107:111::/run/uuidd:/bin/false
lisin:x:1000:1000:lisin,,,:/home/lisin:/bin/bash  <-------修改此处
sshd:x:108:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin


修改 lisin:x:1000:1000:lisin,,,:/home/lisin:/bin/bash
修改为 lisin_v3:x:1000:1000:lisin_v3,,,:/home/lisin_v3:/bin/bash

保存退出

3. /etc/group这个文件中的组名部分

sudo vim /etc/group

root:x:0:
daemon:x:1:
bin:x:2:
sys:x:3:
adm:x:4:syslog,lisin
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:
mail:x:8:
news:x:9:
uucp:x:10:
man:x:12:
proxy:x:13:
kmem:x:15:
dialout:x:20:
fax:x:21:
voice:x:22:
cdrom:x:24:lisin
floppy:x:25:
tape:x:26:
sudo:x:27:lisin
audio:x:29:
dip:x:30:lisin
www-data:x:33:
backup:x:34:
operator:x:37:
list:x:38:
irc:x:39:
src:x:40:
gnats:x:41:
shadow:x:42:
utmp:x:43:
video:x:44:
sasl:x:45:
plugdev:x:46:lisin
staff:x:50:
games:x:60:
users:x:100:
nogroup:x:65534:
systemd-journal:x:101:
systemd-timesync:x:102:
systemd-network:x:103:
systemd-resolve:x:104:
systemd-bus-proxy:x:105:
input:x:106:
crontab:x:107:
syslog:x:108:
netdev:x:109:
messagebus:x:110:
uuidd:x:111:
mlocate:x:112:
ssh:x:113:
lisin:x:1000: <--此处需要修改
lpadmin:x:114:lisin
sambashare:x:115:lisin


修改 lisin:x:1000: 
修改为 lisin_v3:x:1000: 

保存退出

4. 修改/etc/gshadow

sudo vim /etc/gshadow

root:*::
daemon:*::
bin:*::
sys:*::
adm:*::syslog,lisin
tty:*::
disk:*::
lp:*::
mail:*::
news:*::
uucp:*::
man:*::
proxy:*::
kmem:*::
dialout:*::
fax:*::
voice:*::
cdrom:*::lisin
floppy:*::
tape:*::
sudo:*::lisin
audio:*::
dip:*::lisin
www-data:*::
backup:*::
operator:*::
list:*::
irc:*::
src:*::
gnats:*::
shadow:*::
utmp:*::
video:*::
sasl:*::
plugdev:*::lisin
staff:*::
games:*::
users:*::
nogroup:*::
systemd-journal:!::
systemd-timesync:!::
systemd-network:!::
systemd-resolve:!::
systemd-bus-proxy:!::
input:!::
crontab:!::
syslog:!::
netdev:!::
messagebus:!::
uuidd:!::
mlocate:!::
ssh:!::
lisin:!::  <--此处需要修改
lpadmin:!::lisin
sambashare:!::lisin


修改 lisin:!::
修改为 lisin_v3:!::

保存退出

5. 修改/etc/shadow文件中的用户名部分

sudo vim /etc/shadow

root:!:18338:0:99999:7:::
daemon:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
bin:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
sys:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
sync:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
games:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
man:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
lp:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
mail:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
news:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
uucp:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
proxy:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
www-data:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
backup:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
list:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
irc:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
gnats:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
nobody:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
systemd-timesync:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
systemd-network:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
systemd-resolve:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
systemd-bus-proxy:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
syslog:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
_apt:*:17953:0:99999:7:::
messagebus:*:18338:0:99999:7:::
uuidd:*:18338:0:99999:7:::
lisin:$1$AqFlugNf$V03SZfgb4vzE0UxbDuXZk0:18338:0:99999:7::: <--此处需要修改
sshd:*:18338:0:99999:7:::

修改 lisin:$1$AqFlugNf$V03SZfgb4vzE0UxbDuXZk0:18338:0:99999:7:::
修改为 lisin_v3:$1$AqFlugNf$V03SZfgb4vzE0UxbDuXZk0:18338:0:99999:7:::

保存退出

6. 修改/home/lisin为/home/lisin_v3

cd /home
mv lisin lisin_v3

7 修改sudoers文件

经过上述步骤后以后，在使用sudo时会提示"xxx is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.其中xxx是你的用户名，也就是你的用户名没有权限使用sudo，这主要是因为sudoers文件里记录的还是原来的用户名，需要更新过来

7.1 进入超级用户模式。也就是输入"su -"

sudo su -

7.2 添加文件的写权限。

chmod u+w /etc/sudoers

7.3 编辑/etc/sudoers文件

vim /etc/sudoers

#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of
# directly modifying this file.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#
Defaults        env_reset
Defaults        mail_badpass
Defaults        secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"

# Host alias specification

# User alias specification

# Cmnd alias specification

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
lisin_v3  ALL=(ALL) ALL   <--此处需要添加
# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives:

#includedir /etc/sudoers.d

添加 lisin_v3  ALL=(ALL) ALL 在root下面

保存退出

7.4 撤销文件的写权限

chmod u-w /etc/sudoers

8. 重启

sudo reboot -f