类模板的模板友元函数定义
<span style="font-family:Courier New;">//in <stl_config.h>
# ifdef __STL_EXPLICIT_FUNCTION_TMPL_ARGS
# define __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS <>
# else
# define __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS
# endif
例:
//in <stl_stack.h>
template <class T, class Sequence = deque<T> >
class stack {
friend bool operator== __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const stack&, const stack&);
friend bool operator< __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const stack&, const stack&);
...
};</span>
<span style="font-family:Courier New;">//测试程序
#include <iostream>
#include <cstddef>
using namespace std;
class alloc {
};
template <class T, class Alloc = alloc, size_t BufSiz = 0>
class deque {
public:
deque() {
cout << "deque" << ' ';
}
};
template <class T, class Sequence = deque<T> >
class stack {
/*可行的写法
friend bool operator== <T> (const stack<T>&, const stack<T>&);
friend bool operator< <T> (const stack<T>&, const stack<T>&);
friend bool operator== <T> (const stack&, const stack&);
friend bool operator< <T> (const stack&, const stack&);
friend bool operator== <> (const stack&, const stack&);
friend bool operator< <> (const stack&, const stack&);
*/
/*可行的写法*/
friend bool operator== <T, Sequence> (const stack&, const stack&);
friend bool operator< <T, Sequence> (const stack&, const stack&);
/*错误写法
friend bool operator== (const stack&, const stack&);
friend bool operator< (const stack&, const stack&);
*/
public:
stack() {
cout << "stack" << endl;
}
private:
Sequence c;
};
template <class T, class Sequence>
bool operator== (const stack<T, Sequence>& x, const stack<T, Sequence>& y) {
cout << "operator==" << '\t';
return true;
}
template <class T, class Sequence>
bool operator< (const stack<T, Sequence>& x, const stack<T, Sequence>& y) {
cout << "operator<" << '\t';
return true;
}
int main() {
stack<int> x;
stack<int> y;
cout << (x == y) << endl;
cout << (x < y) << endl;
//stack<char> y1;
//cout << (x == y1) << endl;
//cout << (x < y1) << endl;
}</span>
http://www.cppblog.com/zerolee/archive/2010/11/03/132344.html
当模板函数被声明为类模板的友元且定义在类模板之外时,在函数名之后必须紧跟模板实参表,用来代表该友元声明指向函数模板的实例。否则友元函数会被解释为一个非模板函数,链接时无法解析。
友元模板函数的模板参数类型,并不一定要求是类模板的参数类型,也可以另外声明。