继续股票买卖的练习,但是今天难度比较高,LeetCode上也标注了是Hard。
第一题
123. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III
You are given an array
prices
whereprices[i]
is the price of a given stock on theith
day.Find the maximum profit you can achieve. You may complete at most two transactions.
Note: You may not engage in multiple transactions simultaneously (i.e., you must sell the stock before you buy again).
虽然卖股票的次数从一次变成了两次,但比之前难了不少。一天可以选择不卖,也能选择卖一个或是两个,选择更加多样。
在选择递推公式的时候,达到dp[i][1]状态,有两个具体操作:
- 操作一:第i天买入股票了,那么dp[i][1] = dp[i-1][0] - prices[i]
- 操作二:第i天没有操作,而是沿用前一天买入的状态,即:dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][1]
那么dp[i][1]究竟选 dp[i-1][0] - prices[i],还是dp[i - 1][1]呢?
一定是选最大的,所以 dp[i][1] = max(dp[i-1][0] - prices[i], dp[i - 1][1]);
同理dp[i][2]也有两个操作:
- 操作一:第i天卖出股票了,那么dp[i][2] = dp[i - 1][1] + prices[i]
- 操作二:第i天没有操作,沿用前一天卖出股票的状态,即:dp[i][2] = dp[i - 1][2]
所以dp[i][2] = max(dp[i - 1][1] + prices[i], dp[i - 1][2])
同理可推出剩下状态部分:
dp[i][3] = max(dp[i - 1][3], dp[i - 1][2] - prices[i]);
dp[i][4] = max(dp[i - 1][4], dp[i - 1][3] + prices[i]);
class Solution:
def maxProfit(self, prices: List[int]) -> int:
if len(prices) == 0:
return 0
dp = [[0] * 5 for _ in range(len(prices))]
dp[0][1] = -prices[0]
dp[0][3] = -prices[0]
for i in range(1, len(prices)):
dp[i][0] = dp[i-1][0]
dp[i][1] = max(dp[i-1][1], dp[i-1][0] - prices[i])
dp[i][2] = max(dp[i-1][2], dp[i-1][1] + prices[i])
dp[i][3] = max(dp[i-1][3], dp[i-1][2] - prices[i])
dp[i][4] = max(dp[i-1][4], dp[i-1][3] + prices[i])
return dp[-1][4]
第二题
188. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock IV
You are given an integer array
prices
whereprices[i]
is the price of a given stock on theith
day, and an integerk
.Find the maximum profit you can achieve. You may complete at most
k
transactions: i.e. you may buy at mostk
times and sell at mostk
times.Note: You may not engage in multiple transactions simultaneously (i.e., you must sell the stock before you buy again).
和前面的题相比,限制了交易次数。在二维递推数组中,可以发现,
除了0以外,偶数就是卖出,奇数就是买入。
题目要求是至多有K笔交易,那么j的范围就定义为 2 * k + 1 就可以了。
class Solution:
def maxProfit(self, k: int, prices: List[int]) -> int:
if len(prices) == 0:
return 0
dp = [[0] * (2*k+1) for _ in range(len(prices))]
for j in range(1, 2*k, 2):
dp[0][j] = -prices[0]
for i in range(1, len(prices)):
for j in range(0, 2*k-1, 2):
dp[i][j+1] = max(dp[i-1][j+1], dp[i-1][j] - prices[i])
dp[i][j+2] = max(dp[i-1][j+2], dp[i-1][j+1] + prices[i])
return dp[-1][2*k]