华为跨域 MPLS Opiton C 配置（很详细）

已于 2022-07-10 00:30:43 修改
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于 2022-07-10 00:25:05 首次发布
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文章目录

实验环境

拓扑

image-20220709142446282

目的

此实验演示有RR的场景，通过RR之间建立BGP邻居的方式将各站点的路由通告给对方，最终实现CE之间的互访。

步骤

基础环境的配置

1）配置各设备接口IP地址。

2）完成各域内的OSPF邻居建立。

3）各PE创建VPN实例并绑定。

3）PE和CE建立OSPF邻居关系。

4）各域内开启MPLS和LDP。

5）各CE发布路由。

####控制层面的配置

1）PE和RR建立iBGP VPNv4邻居关系，RR关闭RT值检查，学习到CE端的客户路由。

2）ASBR（R3或R4）和RR之间建立IPv4单播iBGP邻居关系。

3）ASBR（R3和R4）之间建立IPv4单播eBGP邻居关系，并发布各RR的环回口地址。

4）RR之间使用对端的环回口地址建立VPNv4 eBGP多跳邻居关系，并关闭RR之间IPv4的邻居关系，否则可能产生路由动荡。

数据层面的配置

1）PE和RR、RR和ASBR、ASBR和ASBR之间需要增加BGP为IPv4单播提供标签分发的能力，是扩展BGP为IPv4单播路由提供标签分发的能力，为PE到PE之间建立一条完整的LSP。

2）ASBR之间开启MPLS

3）ASBR之间使用路由策略应用标签

4）ASBR针对RR使用路由策略应用标签

实验配置

基础环境的配置

Area100
R1
全局路由表中IP地址和OSPF配置
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.1.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.1.13.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loo0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 11.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]q
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 11.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R1-ospf-1]q
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf enable 1 area 0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf enable 1 area 0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loo0
[R1-LoopBack0]ospf enable 1 area 0
VPN实例和OSPF配置
[R1]ip vpn-instance test
[R1-vpn-instance-test]route-distinguisher 1:7
[R1-vpn-instance-test-af-ipv4]q
[R1-vpn-instance-test]vpn-target 100:100 import-extcommunity                
[R1-vpn-instance-test]vpn-target 100:100 export-extcommunity      
[R1]ospf 10 vpn-instance test
[R1-ospf-10]area 0
[R1-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R1]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip binding vpn-instance test
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.17.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf enable 10 area 0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
MPLS和LDP配置
[R1]mpls lsr-id 11.1.1.1
[R1]mpls
Info: Mpls starting, please wait... OK!
[R1-mpls]q
[R1]mpls ldp
[R1-mpls-ldp]q
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls ldp
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R1]int g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls ldp
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

R2
全局路由表中IP地址和OSPF配置
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.1.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.23.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 22.1.1.1 32
[R2-LoopBack0]q
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 22.1.1.1
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R2-ospf-1]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf en area 0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf en area 0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo0
[R2-LoopBack0]ospf en area 0
MPLS和LDP配置
[R2]mpls lsr-id 22.1.1.1
[R2]mpls
Info: Mpls starting, please wait... OK!
[R2-mpls]q  
[R2]mpls ldp
[R2-mpls-ldp]q
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls ldp
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls ldp
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

R3
全局路由表中IP地址和OSPF配置
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.23.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.1.13.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.1.34.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 33.1.1.1 32
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 33.1.1.1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R3-ospf-1]q
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf en 1 area 0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf en 1 area 0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[R3]int loo0
[R3-LoopBack0]ospf en 1 area 0
MPLS和LDP配置
[R3]mpls lsr-id 33.1.1.1
[R3]mpls
Info: Mpls starting, please wait... OK!
[R3-mpls]q 
[R3]mpls ldp
[R3-mpls-ldp]q
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls ldp
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls ldp
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

R7
全局路由表中IP地址和OSPF配置
[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.17.7 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 77.1.1.1 32
[R7-LoopBack0]q
[R7]ospf 10 
[R7-ospf-10]area 0
[R7-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R7-ospf-10]q
[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf en 10 area 0
[R7]int loo0
[R7-LoopBack0]ospf en 10 area 0
[R7-LoopBack0]q
Area200
R6
###全局路由表中IP地址和OSPF配置
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.1.56.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.1.46.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loo0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 66.1.1.1 32
[R6-LoopBack0]q
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 66.1.1.1
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R6-ospf-1]q
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf en 1 area 0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf en 1 area 0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[R6]int loo0
[R6-LoopBack0]ospf en 1 area 0
###VPN实例和OSPF配置
[R6]ip vpn-instance test
[R6-vpn-instance-test]route-distinguisher 6:8
[R6-vpn-instance-test-af-ipv4]q
[R6-vpn-instance-test]vpn-target 100:100 im
[R6-vpn-instance-test]vpn-target 100:100 export-extcommunity 
[R6-vpn-instance-test]q
[R6]ospf 10 vpn-instance test
[R6-ospf-10]area 0
[R6-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R6-ospf-10]q
[R6]int g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip binding vpn-instance test
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.68.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf en 10 area 0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
###MPLS和LDP配置
[R6]mpls lsr-id 66.1.1.1
[R6]mpls
Info: Mpls starting, please wait... OK!
[R6-mpls]q   
[R6]mpls ldp
[R6-mpls-ldp]q
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls   
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls ldp
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls ldp
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

R5
###全局路由表中IP地址和OSPF配置
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.1.56.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.45.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 55.1.1.1 32
[R5-LoopBack0]q
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 55.1.1.1 
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R5-ospf-1]q
[R5]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf en 1 area 0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf en 1 area 0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[R5-LoopBack0]ospf en 1 area 0
[R5-LoopBack0]q
###MPLS和LDP配置
[R5]mpls lsr-id 55.1.1.1
[R5]mpls
Info: Mpls starting, please wait... OK!
[R5-mpls]q 
[R5]mpls ldp
[R5-mpls-ldp]q
[R5]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls ldp
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls ldp
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

R4
###全局路由表中IP地址和OSPF配置
[R4]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.45.4 24 
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.1.46.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.1.34.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 44.1.1.1 32
[R4-LoopBack0]q
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 44.1.1.1
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R4-ospf-1]q
[R4]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf en 1 area 0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf en 1 area 0
[R4]int loo0
[R4-LoopBack0]ospf en 1 area 0
###MPLS和LDP配置
[R4]mpls lsr-id 44.1.1.1
[R4]mpls
Info: Mpls starting, please wait... OK!
[R4-mpls]q
[R4]mpls ldp
[R4-mpls-ldp]q
[R4]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls ldp
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls ldp
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

R8
###全局路由表中IP地址和OSPF配置
[R8]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.68.8 24
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 88.1.1.1 32
[R8-LoopBack0]q
[R8]ospf 10 
[R8-ospf-10]area 0
[R8-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R8-ospf-10]q
[R8]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf en 10 area 0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo0
[R8-LoopBack0]ospf en 10 area 0
[R8-LoopBack0]q
验证
<R1>dis ip rou vpn test
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: test
         Destinations : 5        Routes : 5        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      10.1.17.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.1.17.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.1.17.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
    10.1.17.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
       77.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   1           D   10.1.17.7       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

<R1>dis ospf pe br

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 11.1.1.1
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             22.1.1.1         Full        
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/2             33.1.1.1         Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

         OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 10.1.17.1
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             10.1.17.7        Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 <R1>dis mpls ldp session 

 LDP Session(s) in Public Network
 Codes: LAM(Label Advertisement Mode), SsnAge Unit(DDDD:HH:MM)
 A '*' before a session means the session is being deleted.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PeerID             Status      LAM  SsnRole  SsnAge      KASent/Rcv
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 22.1.1.1:0         Operational DU   Passive  0000:00:29  117/117
 33.1.1.1:0         Operational DU   Passive  0000:00:19  79/79
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 TOTAL: 2 session(s) Found.
 
 
 <R6>dis ip rou vpn test
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: test
         Destinations : 5        Routes : 5        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      10.1.68.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.1.68.6       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.1.68.6/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
    10.1.68.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
       88.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   1           D   10.1.68.8       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

<R6>dis ospf pe b

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 66.1.1.1
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             55.1.1.1         Full        
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/2             44.1.1.1         Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

         OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 10.1.68.6
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             10.1.68.8        Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<R6>dis mpls ldp se

 LDP Session(s) in Public Network
 Codes: LAM(Label Advertisement Mode), SsnAge Unit(DDDD:HH:MM)
 A '*' before a session means the session is being deleted.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PeerID             Status      LAM  SsnRole  SsnAge      KASent/Rcv
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 44.1.1.1:0         Operational DU   Active   0000:00:05  21/21
 55.1.1.1:0         Operational DU   Active   0000:00:08  36/36
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 TOTAL: 2 session(s) Found.

控制层面的配置

第一步：

​ PE和RR建立iBGP VPNv4邻居关系，RR关闭RT值检查，学习到CE端的客户路由。

配置
R1
[R1]bgp 100
[R1-bgp]router-id 11.1.1.1
[R1-bgp]peer 22.1.1.1 as 100
[R1-bgp]peer 22.1.1.1 connect-interface loo0
[R1-bgp]ipv4 vpnv4
[R1-bgp-af-vpnv4]peer 22.1.1.1 enable 
[R1-bgp]ipv4 vpn-instance test   ### 进入vpn实例引入OSPF
[R1-bgp-test]import-route ospf 10
[R1]ospf 10
[R1-ospf-10]import-route bgp	### 引入BGP

R2
[R2]bgp 100
[R2-bgp]router-id 22.1.1.1
[R2-bgp]peer 11.1.1.1 as 100
[R2-bgp]peer 11.1.1.1 connect-interface loo0
[R2-bgp]ipv4 vpnv4
[R2-bgp-af-vpnv4]peer 11.1.1.1 enable 
[R2-bgp-af-vpnv4]undo policy vpn-target		### 关闭对RT值的检查。

R6
[R6]bgp 200
[R6-bgp]router-id 66.1.1.1
[R6-bgp]peer 55.1.1.1 as 200
[R6-bgp]peer 55.1.1.1 connect-interface loo0
[R6-bgp]ipv4 vpnv4
[R6-bgp-af-vpnv4]peer 55.1.1.1 enable
[R6-bgp]ipv4 vpn-instance test
[R6-bgp-test]import-route ospf 10
[R6]ospf 10
[R6-ospf-10]import-route bgp

R5
[R5]bgp 200
[R5-bgp]router-id 55.1.1.1
[R5-bgp]peer 66.1.1.1 as 200
[R5-bgp]peer 66.1.1.1 connect-interface loo0
[R5-bgp]ipv4 vpnv4
[R5-bgp-af-vpnv4]peer 66.1.1.1 enable
[R5-bgp-af-vpnv4]undo policy vpn-target
验证
<R2>dis bgp vpnv4 all routing-table


 BGP Local router ID is 22.1.1.1 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete



 Total number of routes from all PE: 2
 Route Distinguisher: 1:7 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.1.17.0/24       11.1.1.1        0          100        0      ?
 *>i  77.1.1.1/32        11.1.1.1        2          100        0      ?

<R5>dis bgp vpnv4 all routing-table 


 BGP Local router ID is 55.1.1.1 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete



 Total number of routes from all PE: 2
 Route Distinguisher: 6:8 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.1.68.0/24       66.1.1.1        0          100        0      ?
 *>i  88.1.1.1/32        66.1.1.1        2          100        0      ?
第二步

​ ASBR（R3或R4）和RR之间建立IPv4单播iBGP邻居关系。

配置
R2
[R2]bgp 100
[R2-bgp]peer 33.1.1.1 as 100
[R2-bgp]peer 33.1.1.1 connect-interface loo0

R3
[R3]bgp 100
[R3-bgp]router-id 33.1.1.1
[R3-bgp]peer 22.1.1.1 as 100
[R3-bgp]peer 22.1.1.1 connect-interface loo0
[R3-bgp]peer 22.1.1.1 next-hop-local

R5
[R5]bgp 200
[R5-bgp]peer 44.1.1.1 as 200
[R5-bgp]peer 44.1.1.1 connect-interface loo0

R4
[R4]bgp 200
[R4-bgp]router-id 44.1.1.1
[R4-bgp]peer 55.1.1.1 as 200
[R4-bgp]peer 55.1.1.1 connect-interface loo0
[R4-bgp]peer 55.1.1.1 next-hop-local
验证
<R2>dis bgp peer

 BGP local router ID : 22.1.1.1
 Local AS number : 100
 Total number of peers : 2                Peers in established state : 2

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State PrefRcv

  11.1.1.1        4         100       25       23     0 00:21:38 Established       0
  33.1.1.1        4         100        3        4     0 00:01:47 Established       0
  
<R5>dis bgp peer

 BGP local router ID : 55.1.1.1
 Local AS number : 200
 Total number of peers : 2                Peers in established state : 2

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State PrefRcv

  44.1.1.1        4         200        2        3     0 00:00:12 Established       0
  66.1.1.1        4         200       20       18     0 00:16:19 Established       0
第三步

​ ASBR（R3和R4）之间建立IPv4单播eBGP邻居关系，并发布各RR的环回口地址。之所以在ASBR上发布RR的地址是因为如果在RR上发布，ASBR会认为其是不优选的，而由于路由优先级的缘故，RR学习到ASBR通告的自己的地址也不会造成其他影响。

配置
R3
[R3]bgp 100
[R3-bgp]network 22.1.1.1 32
[R3-bgp]peer 10.1.34.4 as 200

R4
[R4]bgp 200
[R4-bgp]network 55.1.1.1 32
[R4-bgp]peer 10.1.34.3 as 100
验证
<R3>dis bgp peer   

 BGP local router ID : 33.1.1.1
 Local AS number : 100
 Total number of peers : 1                Peers in established state : 1

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State PrefRcv

  10.1.34.4       4         200        2        3     0 00:00:15 Established       0
  
<R4>dis bgp peer

 BGP local router ID : 44.1.1.1
 Local AS number : 200
 Total number of peers : 1                Peers in established state : 1

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State PrefRcv

  10.1.34.3       4         100        2        2     0 00:00:05 Established       0
第四步

​ RR之间使用对端的环回口地址建立VPNv4 eBGP多跳邻居关系，并关闭RR之间IPv4的邻居关系，否则可能产生路由动荡。

配置
R2
[R2]bgp 100
[R2-bgp]peer 55.1.1.1 as 200
[R2-bgp]peer 55.1.1.1 connect-interface loo0
[R2-bgp]peer 55.1.1.1 ebgp-max-hop 255		### eBGP多跳
[R2-bgp]ipv4 unicast 
[R2-bgp-af-ipv4]undo peer 55.1.1.1 enable		### 关闭ipv4单播邻居
[R2-bgp-af-ipv4]q
[R2-bgp]ipv4 vpnv4
[R2-bgp-af-vpnv4]peer 55.1.1.1 enable 		### 建立VPNv4邻居
[R2-bgp-af-vpnv4]q

R5
[R5]bgp 200
[R5-bgp]peer 22.1.1.1 as 100
[R5-bgp]peer 22.1.1.1 connect-interface loo0
[R5-bgp]peer 22.1.1.1 ebgp-max-hop 255
[R5-bgp]ipv4 unicast 
[R5-bgp-af-ipv4]undo peer 22.1.1.1 enable 
[R5-bgp-af-ipv4]q
[R5-bgp]ipv4 vpnv4 
[R5-bgp-af-vpnv4]peer 22.1.1.1 enable
验证
<R1>dis bgp vpnv4 all peer

 BGP local router ID : 11.1.1.1
 Local AS number : 100
 Total number of peers : 1                Peers in established state : 1

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State PrefRcv

  22.1.1.1        4         100       45       45     0 00:37:58 Established       2

<R1>dis bgp vpnv4 all routing-table 


 BGP Local router ID is 11.1.1.1 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete



 Total number of routes from all PE: 4
 Route Distinguisher: 1:7 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.1.17.0/24       0.0.0.0         0                     0      ?
 *>   77.1.1.1/32        0.0.0.0         2                     0      ?

 Route Distinguisher: 6:8 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.1.68.0/24       22.1.1.1                   100        0      200?
 *>i  88.1.1.1/32        22.1.1.1                   100        0      200?

 VPN-Instance test, Router ID 11.1.1.1:

 Total Number of Routes: 4
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.1.17.0/24       0.0.0.0         0                     0      ?
 *>i  10.1.68.0/24       22.1.1.1                   100        0      200?
 *>   77.1.1.1/32        0.0.0.0         2                     0      ?
 *>i  88.1.1.1/32        22.1.1.1                   100        0      200?



<R5>dis bgp vpnv4 all peer 

 BGP local router ID : 55.1.1.1
 Local AS number : 200
 Total number of peers : 2                Peers in established state : 2

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State PrefRcv

  22.1.1.1        4         100        4        4     0 00:00:12 Established       2
  66.1.1.1        4         200       39       39     0 00:31:48 Established       2
 
 <R5>dis bgp vpnv4 all routing-table 


 BGP Local router ID is 55.1.1.1 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete



 Total number of routes from all PE: 4
 Route Distinguisher: 1:7 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.1.17.0/24       22.1.1.1                              0      100?
 *>   77.1.1.1/32        22.1.1.1                              0      100?

 Route Distinguisher: 6:8 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.1.68.0/24       66.1.1.1        0          100        0      ?
 *>i  88.1.1.1/32        66.1.1.1        2          100        0      ?

<R7>dis ip routing-table protocol o
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
         Destinations : 2        Routes : 2        

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 2        Routes : 2

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      10.1.68.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   10.1.17.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
       88.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   2           D   10.1.17.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0
         
<R8>dis ip routing-table protocol ospf 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
         Destinations : 2        Routes : 2        

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 2        Routes : 2

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      10.1.17.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   10.1.68.6       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
       77.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   2           D   10.1.68.6       GigabitEthernet0/0/1

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

注：此时还不能够通信因为数据层面的标签还没完善

数据层面的配置

第一步：

​ PE和RR、RR和ASBR、ASBR和ASBR之间需要增加BGP为IPv4单播提供标签分发的能力，是扩展BGP为IPv4单播路由提供标签分发的能力，为PE到PE之间建立一条完整的LSP。

配置
R1
[R1]bgp 100
[R1-bgp]ipv4 unicast 
[R1-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 22.1.1.1 label-route-capability 

R2
[R2]bgp 100
[R2-bgp]ipv4 unicast 
[R2-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 11.1.1.1 label-route-capability 
[R2-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 33.1.1.1 label-route-capability 

R3
[R3]bgp 100
[R3-bgp]ipv4 unicast 
[R3-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 22.1.1.1 label-route-capability 
[R3-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 10.1.34.4 label-route-capability 

R4
[R4]bgp 200
[R4-bgp]ipv4 unicast  
[R4-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 10.1.34.3 label-route-capability 
[R4-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 55.1.1.1 label-route-capability 

R5
[R5]bgp 200
[R5-bgp]ipv4 unicast 
[R5-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 44.1.1.1 label-route-capability 
[R5-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 66.1.1.1 label-route-capability 

R6
[R6]bgp 200
[R6-bgp]ipv4 unicast 
[R6-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 55.1.1.1 label-route-capability
验证
<R2>display bgp peer verbose | include Label
        Address family IPv4 Unicast Label: advertised and received
        Address family IPv4 Unicast Label: advertised and received
第二步：

​ ASBR之间开启MPLS

配置
R3
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls

R4
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls
第三步：

​ ASBR之间使用路由策略应用标签

配置
R3
[R3]route-policy ASBR permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R3-route-policy]apply mpls-label 
[R3-route-policy]q
[R3]bgp 100
[R3-bgp]ipv4 unicast 
[R3-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 10.1.34.4 route-policy ASBR export 

R4
[R4]route-policy ASBR permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R4-route-policy]apply mpls-label 
[R4-route-policy]q
[R4]bgp 200
[R4-bgp]ipv4 unicast 
[R4-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 10.1.34.3 route-policy ASBR export
第四步：

​ ASBR针对RR使用路由策略应用标签

配置
R3
[R3]route-policy RR permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R3-route-policy]if-match mpls-label 
[R3-route-policy]apply mpls-label 
[R3-route-policy]q
[R3]bgp 100
[R3-bgp]ipv4 unicast 
[R3-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 22.1.1.1 route-policy RR export 

R4
[R4]route-policy RR permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R4-route-policy]if-match mpls-label 
[R4-route-policy]apply mpls-label 
[R4-route-policy]q
[R4]bgp 200
[R4-bgp]ipv4 unicast 
[R4-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 55.1.1.1 route-policy RR export
验证

RR的标签表

[R2]dis mpls lsp  
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 LSP Information: BGP  LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC                In/Out Label  In/Out IF                      Vrf Name       
55.1.1.1/32        NULL/1027     -/-                                           
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 LSP Information: L3VPN  LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC                In/Out Label  In/Out IF                      Vrf Name       
10.1.17.0/24       1042/1032     -/-                            ASBR LSP       
77.1.1.1/32        1043/1033     -/-                            ASBR LSP       
88.1.1.1/32        1046/1040     -/-                            ASBR LSP       
10.1.68.0/24       1047/1039     -/-                            ASBR LSP       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 LSP Information: LDP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC                In/Out Label  In/Out IF                      Vrf Name       
11.1.1.1/32        NULL/3        -/GE0/0/0                                     
11.1.1.1/32        1024/3        -/GE0/0/0                                     
22.1.1.1/32        3/NULL        -/-                                           
33.1.1.1/32        NULL/3        -/GE0/0/1                                     
33.1.1.1/32        1025/3        -/GE0/0/1

PE的BGP VPNv4路由表

<R1>dis bgp vpnv4 all routing-table 


 BGP Local router ID is 11.1.1.1 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete



 Total number of routes from all PE: 4
 Route Distinguisher: 1:7 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.1.17.0/24       0.0.0.0         0                     0      ?
 *>   77.1.1.1/32        0.0.0.0         2                     0      ?

 Route Distinguisher: 6:8 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.1.68.0/24       22.1.1.1                   100        0      200?
 *>i  88.1.1.1/32        22.1.1.1                   100        0      200?

 VPN-Instance test, Router ID 11.1.1.1:

 Total Number of Routes: 4
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.1.17.0/24       0.0.0.0         0                     0      ?
 *>i  10.1.68.0/24       22.1.1.1                   100        0      200?
 *>   77.1.1.1/32        0.0.0.0         2                     0      ?
 *>i  88.1.1.1/32        22.1.1.1                   100        0      200?

RR的BGP VPNv4路由表

<R2>dis bgp vpnv4 all routing-table 


 BGP Local router ID is 22.1.1.1 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete



 Total number of routes from all PE: 4
 Route Distinguisher: 1:7 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.1.17.0/24       11.1.1.1        0          100        0      ?
 *>i  77.1.1.1/32        11.1.1.1        2          100        0      ?

 Route Distinguisher: 6:8 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.1.68.0/24       55.1.1.1                              0      200?
 *>   88.1.1.1/32        55.1.1.1                              0      200?

ASBR的路由表

<R3>dis ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 18       Routes : 19       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      10.1.12.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   10.1.23.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
                    OSPF    10   2           D   10.1.13.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/2
      10.1.13.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.1.13.3       GigabitEthernet0/0/2
      10.1.13.3/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/2
    10.1.13.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/2
      10.1.23.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.1.23.3       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.1.23.3/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
    10.1.23.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.1.34.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.1.34.3       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      10.1.34.3/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
    10.1.34.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
       11.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   1           D   10.1.13.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/2
       22.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   1           D   10.1.23.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
       33.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       55.1.1.1/32  EBGP    255  1          RD   10.1.34.4       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

标签

<R1>dis bgp vpnv4 all routing-table label 

 BGP Local router ID is 11.1.1.1 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete


 Total number of routes from all PE: 4

 Route Distinguisher: 1:7 


        Network           NextHop           In/Out Label

 *>     10.1.17.0         10.1.17.1         1032/NULL
 *>     77.1.1.1          10.1.17.7         1033/NULL

 Route Distinguisher: 6:8 


        Network           NextHop           In/Out Label

 *>i    10.1.68.0         22.1.1.1          NULL/1047
 *>i    88.1.1.1          22.1.1.1          NULL/1046

 VPN-Instance test, Router ID 11.1.1.1:

 Total Number of Routes: 2


        Network           NextHop           In/Out Label

 *>i    10.1.68.0         22.1.1.1          NULL/1047
 *>i    88.1.1.1          22.1.1.1          NULL/1046

<R1>dis mpls lsp 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 LSP Information: BGP  LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC                In/Out Label  In/Out IF                      Vrf Name       
10.1.17.0/24       1032/NULL     -/-                            test           
77.1.1.1/32        1033/NULL     -/-                            test           
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 LSP Information: LDP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC                In/Out Label  In/Out IF                      Vrf Name       
11.1.1.1/32        3/NULL        -/-                                           
22.1.1.1/32        NULL/3        -/GE0/0/0                                     
22.1.1.1/32        1026/3        -/GE0/0/0                                     
33.1.1.1/32        NULL/3        -/GE0/0/2                                     
33.1.1.1/32        1027/3        -/GE0/0/2 

<R2>dis mpls lsp 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 LSP Information: BGP  LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC                In/Out Label  In/Out IF                      Vrf Name       
55.1.1.1/32        NULL/1027     -/-                                           
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 LSP Information: L3VPN  LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC                In/Out Label  In/Out IF                      Vrf Name       
10.1.17.0/24       1042/1032     -/-                            ASBR LSP       
77.1.1.1/32        1043/1033     -/-                            ASBR LSP       
88.1.1.1/32        1046/1040     -/-                            ASBR LSP       
10.1.68.0/24       1047/1039     -/-                            ASBR LSP       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 LSP Information: LDP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC                In/Out Label  In/Out IF                      Vrf Name       
11.1.1.1/32        NULL/3        -/GE0/0/0                                     
11.1.1.1/32        1024/3        -/GE0/0/0                                     
22.1.1.1/32        3/NULL        -/-                                           
33.1.1.1/32        NULL/3        -/GE0/0/1                                     
33.1.1.1/32        1025/3        -/GE0/0/1   

<R3>dis mpls lsp   
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 LSP Information: BGP  LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC                In/Out Label  In/Out IF                      Vrf Name       
22.1.1.1/32        1026/NULL     -/-                                           
55.1.1.1/32        1027/1028     -/-                                           
55.1.1.1/32        NULL/1028     -/-                                           
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 LSP Information: LDP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC                In/Out Label  In/Out IF                      Vrf Name       
22.1.1.1/32        NULL/3        -/GE0/0/1                                     
22.1.1.1/32        1024/3        -/GE0/0/1                                     
33.1.1.1/32        3/NULL        -/-                                           
11.1.1.1/32        NULL/3        -/GE0/0/2                                     
11.1.1.1/32        1025/3        -/GE0/0/2

tracert

​ RR没有回包的原因是没有VPN实例，也就是说因为此时还是只有VPNv4的标签且RR的全局路由表中并没有客户路由，所以不会回包，而ASBR回回报是因为此时用的已经是BGP LSP了，不需要关心有没有客户路由。

<R7>tracert -a 77.1.1.1 88.1.1.1
 traceroute to  88.1.1.1(88.1.1.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break 
 1 10.1.17.1 30 ms  10 ms  10 ms 
 2  *  *  * 
 3 10.1.23.3 90 ms  40 ms  30 ms 
 4 10.1.34.4 50 ms  40 ms  40 ms 
 5  *  *  * 
 6 10.1.68.6 40 ms  40 ms  50 ms 
 7 10.1.68.8 60 ms  50 ms  40 ms

ping

<R7>ping -a 77.1.1.1 88.1.1.1
  PING 88.1.1.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 88.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=249 time=60 ms
    Reply from 88.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=249 time=40 ms
    Reply from 88.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=249 time=40 ms
    Reply from 88.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=249 time=50 ms
    Reply from 88.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=249 time=50 ms

  --- 88.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/48/60 ms
数据层面分析

此时R8去往R7的标签转发情况：

1）R8的88.1.1.1去往R7的77.1.1.1的下一跳是R6且是IP转发

image-20220709233656807

2）R6去往77.1.1.1的下一跳是R5，VPNv4标签转发

image-20220709233814751

image-20220709233145302

image-20220709232949808

3）当数据包到达R5后，R5去往77.1.1.1的下一跳是22.1.1.1，查看22.1.1.1的LSP，可以发现是通过BGP生成的出标签1029，下一跳是R4

image-20220709233351501

image-20220709234923803

image-20220709233505367

4）R4收到数据包后，查看去往22.1.1.1的LSP，出标签是1026，下一跳是R3，但是能发现R5将里层的VPNv4标签改成了1042，这里我也没有理解，但不影响最终结果

image-20220709234107455

image-20220709234219273

image-20220709234255872

5）此时数据包到达AS100的ASBR R3上，R3根据22.1.1.1的LSP发现出标签是空，则会将标签弹出，下一跳是R2

image-20220709234404054

image-20220709234459155

6）数据包到达R2上，这个时候只剩下VPNv4标签了，查找VPNv4的标签表，得知

image-20220709235601111

image-20220709235644385

7）R1收到1032的标签后就会拆除标签了，最后IP转发，所以中间转发时它的标签切换了，我也不知道是什么原因

image-20220709235730965

image-20220709235910646

问题：为什么中间VPNv4的标签切换了，从目标地址77.1.1.1切换成了10.1.17.0，在R5上被切换了

小结

​ 到这里基础的Option C方案一已经完成了，但现在的做法是有不足的。由于现在的做法是通过RR建立VPNv4的邻居关系，PE之间学习到的客户路由都是需要通过RR的，这是我们不想看到的，可以通过在RR上让BGP学来的路由下一跳不变优化，在下面演示。

配置优化（不改变下一跳的情况）

​ 在RR上对对端RR和本端PE的VPNv4邻居执行下一跳不变命令，然后需要在ASBR上发布本区域内PE的环回口地址，还需要在RR上打破iBGP防环

R2
[R2]bgp 100
[R2-bgp]ipv4 vpnv4
[R2-bgp-af-vpnv4]peer 11.1.1.1 next-hop-invariable
[R2-bgp-af-vpnv4]peer 55.1.1.1 next-hop-invariable
[R2-bgp-af-vpnv4]q
[R2-bgp]peer 11.1.1.1 reflect-client 

R5
[R5]bgp 200
[R5-bgp]ipv4 vpnv4
[R5-bgp-af-vpnv4]peer 22.1.1.1 next-hop-invariable        
[R5-bgp-af-vpnv4]peer 66.1.1.1 next-hop-invariable
[R5-bgp-af-vpnv4]q
[R5-bgp]peer 66.1.1.1 reflect-client 

R3
[R3]bgp 100
[R3-bgp]network 11.1.1.1 32

[R4]bgp 200
[R4-bgp]network 66.1.1.1 32

验证

R1
<R1>dis bgp routing-table 

 BGP Local router ID is 11.1.1.1 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete


 Total Number of Routes: 2
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  55.1.1.1/32        33.1.1.1        1          100        0      200i
 *>i  66.1.1.1/32        33.1.1.1        1          100        0      200i
<R1>dis bgp vpnv4 all routing-table 


 BGP Local router ID is 11.1.1.1 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete



 Total number of routes from all PE: 4
 Route Distinguisher: 1:7 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.1.17.0/24       0.0.0.0         0                     0      ?
 *>   77.1.1.1/32        0.0.0.0         2                     0      ?

 Route Distinguisher: 6:8 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.1.68.0/24       66.1.1.1                   100        0      200?
 *>i  88.1.1.1/32        66.1.1.1                   100        0      200?

 VPN-Instance test, Router ID 11.1.1.1:

 Total Number of Routes: 4
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.1.17.0/24       0.0.0.0         0                     0      ?
 *>i  10.1.68.0/24       66.1.1.1                   100        0      200?
 *>   77.1.1.1/32        0.0.0.0         2                     0      ?
 *>i  88.1.1.1/32        66.1.1.1                   100        0      200?
 
 R6
 <R6>dis bgp routing-table 

 BGP Local router ID is 66.1.1.1 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete


 Total Number of Routes: 2
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  11.1.1.1/32        44.1.1.1        1          100        0      100i
 *>i  22.1.1.1/32        44.1.1.1        1          100        0      100i

<R6>dis bgp vpnv4 all routing-table 


 BGP Local router ID is 66.1.1.1 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete



 Total number of routes from all PE: 4
 Route Distinguisher: 1:7 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.1.17.0/24       11.1.1.1                   100        0      100?
 *>i  77.1.1.1/32        11.1.1.1                   100        0      100?

 Route Distinguisher: 6:8 


      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.1.68.0/24       0.0.0.0         0                     0      ?
 *>   88.1.1.1/32        0.0.0.0         2                     0      ?

 VPN-Instance test, Router ID 66.1.1.1:

 Total Number of Routes: 4
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.1.17.0/24       11.1.1.1                   100        0      100?
 *>   10.1.68.0/24       0.0.0.0         0                     0      ?
 *>i  77.1.1.1/32        11.1.1.1                   100        0      100?
 *>   88.1.1.1/32        0.0.0.0         2                     0      ?

<R7>tracert -a 77.1.1.1 88.1.1.1
 traceroute to  88.1.1.1(88.1.1.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break 
 1 10.1.17.1 30 ms  10 ms  10 ms 
 2 10.1.13.3 30 ms  20 ms  40 ms 
 3 10.1.34.4 30 ms  40 ms  40 ms 
 4 10.1.68.6 40 ms  30 ms  30 ms 
 5 10.1.68.8 40 ms  50 ms  40 ms
小结

到这里只是方案1结束了，方案2在下面继续介绍，内容很多比较复杂，要耐心，加油！！！

HappyAston
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