1、Spring注入
Spring注入常用的有两种方式,第一种是设值注入,第二种是构造注入。
1、设值注入
配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="book" class="com.wry.bean.Book"></bean>
<bean id="reader" class="com.wry.bean.Reader">
<property name="book" ref="book" />
</bean>
</beans>
Book.java
package com.wry.bean;
public class Book {
public void read(){
System.out.println("readding book");
}
}
Reader.java
package com.wry.bean;
public class Reader {
private Book book;
public void setBook(Book book) {
this.book = book;
}
public void readBook(){
book.read();
}
}
测试
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml");
Reader reader = (Reader)context.getBean("reader");
reader.readBook();
}
}
2、构造器注入
配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="book" class="com.wry.bean.Book"></bean>
<bean id="reader" class="com.wry.bean.Reader">
<constructor-arg name="book" ref="book" />
</bean>
</beans>
Book.java
package com.wry.bean;
public class Book {
public void read(){
System.out.println("readding book");
}
}
Reader.java
package com.wry.bean;
public class Reader {
private Book book;
public Reader(Book book){
this.book = book;
}
public void readBook(){
book.read();
}
}
测试
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml");
Reader reader = (Reader)context.getBean("reader");
reader.readBook();
}
}
2、bean的自动装配
bean的自动装配有三种方式,第一种通过byName,第二种通过byType,第三种通过constructor。1、通过byName
在Spring的配置文件头部加入default-autowire = “byName”,在xml中定义的bean不要property参数(或者constructor-arg)。
配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
default-autowire = "byName">
<bean id="book" class="com.wry.bean.Book"></bean>
<bean id="reader" class="com.wry.bean.Reader"></bean>
</beans>
Book.java
package com.wry.bean;
public class Book {
public void read(){
System.out.println("readding book");
}
}
Reader.java
package com.wry.bean;
public class Reader {
private Book book;
public void setBook(Book book) {
this.book = book;
}
public void readBook(){
book.read();
}
}
测试
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml");
Reader reader = (Reader)context.getBean("reader");
reader.readBook();
}
}
2、通过byType
在Spring的配置文件头部加入default-autowire = “byType”,因为是通过类型注入的,所以bean中的id可以改名称,当然也可以bean的id删除。
配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
default-autowire = "byType">
<bean class="com.wry.bean.Book"></bean>
<bean id="reader" class="com.wry.bean.Reader"></bean>
</beans>
Book.java
package com.wry.bean;
public class Book {
public void read(){
System.out.println("readding book");
}
}
Reader.java
package com.wry.bean;
public class Reader {
private Book book;
public void setBook(Book book) {
this.book = book;
}
public void readBook(){
book.read();
}
}
测试
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml");
Reader reader = (Reader)context.getBean("reader");
reader.readBook();
}
}
3、通过constructor
在Spring的配置文件头部加入default-autowire = “constructor”,因为是通过构造器注入的,所以bean中的id可以改名称,当然也可以bean的id删除。
配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
default-autowire = "constructor">
<bean class="com.wry.bean.Book"></bean>
<bean id="reader" class="com.wry.bean.Reader"></bean>
</beans>
Book.java
package com.wry.bean;
public class Book {
public void read(){
System.out.println("readding book");
}
}
Reader.java
package com.wry.bean;
public class Reader {
private Book book;
public Reader(Book book){
this.book = book;
}
public void readBook(){
book.read();
}
}
测试
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml");
Reader reader = (Reader)context.getBean("reader");
reader.readBook();
}
}
3、Autowired的用法
配置文件统一配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.wry.bean"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
Book.java代码统一如下:
package com.wry.bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Book {
public void read(){
System.out.println("readding book");
}
}
测试代码统一如下:
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml");
Reader reader = (Reader)context.getBean("reader");
reader.readBook();
}
}
1、成员变量方式
Reader.java
package com.wry.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Reader {
@Autowired
private Book book;
public void readBook(){
book.read();
}
}
2、set方法方式
package com.wry.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Reader {
private Book book;
@Autowired
public void setBook(Book book) {
this.book = book;
}
public void readBook(){
book.read();
}
}
3、构造器方式
package com.wry.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Reader {
private Book book;
@Autowired
public Reader(Book book){
this.book = book;
}
public void readBook(){
book.read();
}
}
Autowired的使用说明1、默认情况下,如果因找不到合适的bean将会导致autowiring失败抛出异常,可以通过下面的方式避免:
@Component
public class Reader {
@Autowired(required = false)
private Book book;
public void readBook(){
book.read();
}
}
2、每个类只能有一个构造器被标记为required = true
3、可以注解那些众所周知的解析依赖性接口,比如:BeanFactory、ApplicationContext、Environment、ResourceLoader、ApplicationEventPublisher、MessageSource等。