vue+element 导出excel

前言：本文借鉴于https://blog.csdn.net/sea9528/article/details/115866744?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501，感谢大佬。

使用vue做导出excel表格有2种方式。1.前端主导 2.后端主导

一、前端主导

1.下载3个依赖

npm install file-saver --save
npm install script-loader -D
npm install xlsx --save

2.在src目录下新建文件夹vendor，里面包含 Blob.js 和 Export2Excel.js

Blob.js

/* eslint-disable */
/* Blob.js
 * A Blob implementation.
 * 2014-05-27
 *
 * By Eli Grey, http://eligrey.com
 * By Devin Samarin, https://github.com/eboyjr
 * License: X11/MIT
 *   See LICENSE.md
 */

/*global self, unescape */
/*jslint bitwise: true, regexp: true, confusion: true, es5: true, vars: true, white: true,
 plusplus: true */

/*! @source http://purl.eligrey.com/github/Blob.js/blob/master/Blob.js */

(function(view) {
    "use strict";
  
    view.URL = view.URL || view.webkitURL;
  
    if (view.Blob && view.URL) {
      try {
        new Blob();
        return;
      } catch (e) {}
    }
  
    // Internally we use a BlobBuilder implementation to base Blob off of
    // in order to support older browsers that only have BlobBuilder
    var BlobBuilder =
      view.BlobBuilder ||
      view.WebKitBlobBuilder ||
      view.MozBlobBuilder ||
      (function(view) {
        var get_class = function(object) {
            return Object.prototype.toString
              .call(object)
              .match(/^\[object\s(.*)\]$/)[1];
          },
          FakeBlobBuilder = function BlobBuilder() {
            this.data = [];
          },
          FakeBlob = function Blob(data, type, encoding) {
            this.data = data;
            this.size = data.length;
            this.type = type;
            this.encoding = encoding;
          },
          FBB_proto = FakeBlobBuilder.prototype,
          FB_proto = FakeBlob.prototype,
          FileReaderSync = view.FileReaderSync,
          FileException = function(type) {
            this.code = this[(this.name = type)];
          },
          file_ex_codes = (
            "NOT_FOUND_ERR SECURITY_ERR ABORT_ERR NOT_READABLE_ERR ENCODING_ERR " +
            "NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR INVALID_STATE_ERR SYNTAX_ERR"
          ).split(" "),
          file_ex_code = file_ex_codes.length,
          real_URL = view.URL || view.webkitURL || view,
          real_create_object_URL = real_URL.createObjectURL,
          real_revoke_object_URL = real_URL.revokeObjectURL,
          URL = real_URL,
          btoa = view.btoa,
          atob = view.atob,
          ArrayBuffer = view.ArrayBuffer,
          Uint8Array = view.Uint8Array;
        FakeBlob.fake = FB_proto.fake = true;
        while (file_ex_code--) {
          FileException.prototype[file_ex_codes[file_ex_code]] = file_ex_code + 1;
        }
        if (!real_URL.createObjectURL) {
          URL = view.URL = {};
        }
        URL.createObjectURL = function(blob) {
          var type = blob.type,
            data_URI_header;
          if (type === null) {
            type = "application/octet-stream";
          }
          if (blob instanceof FakeBlob) {
            data_URI_header = "data:" + type;
            if (blob.encoding === "base64") {
              return data_URI_header + ";base64," + blob.data;
            } else if (blob.encoding === "URI") {
              return data_URI_header + "," + decodeURIComponent(blob.data);
            }
            if (btoa) {
              return data_URI_header + ";base64," + btoa(blob.data);
            } else {
              return data_URI_header + "," + encodeURIComponent(blob.data);
            }
          } else if (real_create_object_URL) {
            return real_create_object_URL.call(real_URL, blob);
          }
        };
        URL.revokeObjectURL = function(object_URL) {
          if (object_URL.substring(0, 5) !== "data:" && real_revoke_object_URL) {
            real_revoke_object_URL.call(real_URL, object_URL);
          }
        };
        FBB_proto.append = function(data /*, endings*/) {
          var bb = this.data;
          // decode data to a binary string
          if (
            Uint8Array &&
            (data instanceof ArrayBuffer || data instanceof Uint8Array)
          ) {
            var str = "",
              buf = new Uint8Array(data),
              i = 0,
              buf_len = buf.length;
            for (; i < buf_len; i++) {
              str += String.fromCharCode(buf[i]);
            }
            bb.push(str);
          } else if (get_class(data) === "Blob" || get_class(data) === "File") {
            if (FileReaderSync) {
              var fr = new FileReaderSync();
              bb.push(fr.readAsBinaryString(data));
            } else {
              // async FileReader won't work as BlobBuilder is sync
              throw new FileException("NOT_READABLE_ERR");
            }
          } else if (data instanceof FakeBlob) {
            if (data.encoding === "base64" && atob) {
              bb.push(atob(data.data));
            } else if (data.encoding === "URI") {
              bb.push(decodeURIComponent(data.data));
            } else if (data.encoding === "raw") {
              bb.push(data.data);
            }
          } else {
            if (typeof data !== "string") {
              data += ""; // convert unsupported types to strings
            }
            // decode UTF-16 to binary string
            bb.push(unescape(encodeURIComponent(data)));
          }
        };
        FBB_proto.getBlob = function(type) {
          if (!arguments.length) {
            type = null;
          }
          return new FakeBlob(this.data.join(""), type, "raw");
        };
        FBB_proto.toString = function() {
          return "[object BlobBuilder]";
        };
        FB_proto.slice = function(start, end, type) {
          var args = arguments.length;
          if (args < 3) {
            type = null;
          }
          return new FakeBlob(
            this.data.slice(start, args > 1 ? end : this.data.length),
            type,
            this.encoding
          );
        };
        FB_proto.toString = function() {
          return "[object Blob]";
        };
        FB_proto.close = function() {
          this.size = this.data.length = 0;
        };
        return FakeBlobBuilder;
      })(view);
  
    view.Blob = function Blob(blobParts, options) {
      var type = options ? options.type || "" : "";
      var builder = new BlobBuilder();
      if (blobParts) {
        for (var i = 0, len = blobParts.length; i < len; i++) {
          builder.append(blobParts[i]);
        }
      }
      return builder.getBlob(type);
    };
  })(
    (typeof self !== "undefined" && self) ||
      (typeof window !== "undefined" && window) ||
      this.content ||
      this
  );
  

Export2Excel.js

/* eslint-disable */
require("script-loader!file-saver"); //保存文件用
// require('script-loader!@/excel/Blob');//转二进制用
require("./Blob"); //转二进制用  		**解决浏览器报错问题**
require("script-loader!xlsx/dist/xlsx.core.min"); //xlsx核心
import XLSX from "xlsx";

function generateArray(table) {
  var out = [];
  var rows = table.querySelectorAll("tr");
  var ranges = [];
  for (var R = 0; R < rows.length; ++R) {
    var outRow = [];
    var row = rows[R];
    var columns = row.querySelectorAll("td");
    for (var C = 0; C < columns.length; ++C) {
      var cell = columns[C];
      var colspan = cell.getAttribute("colspan");
      var rowspan = cell.getAttribute("rowspan");
      var cellValue = cell.innerText;
      if (cellValue !== "" && cellValue == +cellValue) cellValue = +cellValue;

      //Skip ranges
      ranges.forEach(function(range) {
        if (
          R >= range.s.r &&
          R <= range.e.r &&
          outRow.length >= range.s.c &&
          outRow.length <= range.e.c
        ) {
          for (var i = 0; i <= range.e.c - range.s.c; ++i) outRow.push(null);
        }
      });

      //Handle Row Span
      if (rowspan || colspan) {
        rowspan = rowspan || 1;
        colspan = colspan || 1;
        ranges.push({
          s: { r: R, c: outRow.length },
          e: { r: R + rowspan - 1, c: outRow.length + colspan - 1 }
        });
      }
      //Handle Value
      outRow.push(cellValue !== "" ? cellValue : null);

      //Handle Colspan
      if (colspan) for (var k = 0; k < colspan - 1; ++k) outRow.push(null);
    }
    out.push(outRow);
  }
  return [out, ranges];
}

function datenum(v, date1904) {
  if (date1904) v += 1462;
  var epoch = Date.parse(v);
  return (epoch - new Date(Date.UTC(1899, 11, 30))) / (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
}

function sheet_from_array_of_arrays(data, opts) {
  var ws = {};
  var range = { s: { c: 10000000, r: 10000000 }, e: { c: 0, r: 0 } };
  for (var R = 0; R != data.length; ++R) {
    for (var C = 0; C != data[R].length; ++C) {
      if (range.s.r > R) range.s.r = R;
      if (range.s.c > C) range.s.c = C;
      if (range.e.r < R) range.e.r = R;
      if (range.e.c < C) range.e.c = C;
      var cell = { v: data[R][C] };
      if (cell.v == null) continue;
      var cell_ref = XLSX.utils.encode_cell({ c: C, r: R });

      if (typeof cell.v === "number") cell.t = "n";
      else if (typeof cell.v === "boolean") cell.t = "b";
      else if (cell.v instanceof Date) {
        cell.t = "n";
        cell.z = XLSX.SSF._table[14];
        cell.v = datenum(cell.v);
      } else cell.t = "s";

      ws[cell_ref] = cell;
    }
  }
  if (range.s.c < 10000000) ws["!ref"] = XLSX.utils.encode_range(range);
  return ws;
}

function Workbook() {
  if (!(this instanceof Workbook)) return new Workbook();
  this.SheetNames = [];
  this.Sheets = {};
}

function s2ab(s) {
  var buf = new ArrayBuffer(s.length);
  var view = new Uint8Array(buf);
  for (var i = 0; i != s.length; ++i) view[i] = s.charCodeAt(i) & 0xff;
  return buf;
}

export function export_table_to_excel(id) {
  var theTable = document.getElementById(id);
  var oo = generateArray(theTable);
  var ranges = oo[1];

  /* original data */
  var data = oo[0];
  var ws_name = "SheetJS";

  var wb = new Workbook(),
    ws = sheet_from_array_of_arrays(data);

  /* add ranges to worksheet */
  // ws['!cols'] = ['apple', 'banan'];
  ws["!merges"] = ranges;

  /* add worksheet to workbook */
  wb.SheetNames.push(ws_name);
  wb.Sheets[ws_name] = ws;

  var wbout = XLSX.write(wb, {
    bookType: "xlsx",
    bookSST: false,
    type: "binary"
  });

  saveAs(
    new Blob([s2ab(wbout)], { type: "application/octet-stream" }),
    "test.xlsx"
  );
}

export function export_json_to_excel({
  header,
  data,
  filename = "excel-list",
  autoWidth = true
} = {}) {
  /* original data */
  data = [...data];
  data.unshift(header);
  var ws_name = "SheetJS";
  var wb = new Workbook(),
    ws = sheet_from_array_of_arrays(data);

  if (autoWidth) {
    /*设置worksheet每列的最大宽度*/
    const colWidth = data.map(row =>
      row.map(val => {
        /*先判断是否为null/undefined*/
        if (val == null) {
          return { wch: 10 };
        } else if (val.toString().charCodeAt(0) > 255) {
          /*再判断是否为中文*/
          return { wch: val.toString().length * 2 };
        } else {
          return { wch: val.toString().length };
        }
      })
    );
    /*以第一行为初始值*/
    let result = colWidth[0];
    for (let i = 1; i < colWidth.length; i++) {
      for (let j = 0; j < colWidth[i].length; j++) {
        if (result[j]["wch"] < colWidth[i][j]["wch"]) {
          result[j]["wch"] = colWidth[i][j]["wch"];
        }
      }
    }
    ws["!cols"] = result;
  }

  /* add worksheet to workbook */
  wb.SheetNames.push(ws_name);
  wb.Sheets[ws_name] = ws;

  var wbout = XLSX.write(wb, {
    bookType: "xlsx",
    bookSST: false,
    type: "binary"
  });
  saveAs(
    new Blob([s2ab(wbout)], { type: "application/octet-stream" }),
    filename + ".xlsx"
  );
}

3.新建一个vue组件，用于封装导出

<template>
  <el-button
    style="margin: 0 0 20px 20px"
    type="primary"
    icon="el-icon-document"
    @click="handleClick"
    >导出
  </el-button>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  props: {
    exportList: {
      // 需要导出的数据列表
      type: Array,
      required: true,
      default: [],
    },
    type: {
      type: Number,
      default: 1, //type=1 导出选中的列表，type=2 导出所有数据
    },
    tableHeader: {
      // 设置Excel表格的表头 字段
      type: Array,
      required: true,
      default: [],
    },
    filterVal: {
      // 跟表格表头对应的绑定的prop
      type: Array,
      required: true,
      default: [],
    },
    tableTitle: {
      // 导出表头的名字
      type: String,
      required: true,
      default: "表格",
    },
  },
  methods: {
    handleClick() {
      this.$emit("clickButton");
      //视图可能会不更新，这里在外面套一层nextTick
      this.$nextTick(() => {
        this.exportExcel();
      });
    },
    //定义导出Excel表格事件
    exportExcel() {
      if (this.exportList.length === 0) {
        this.$message({
          message: "请至少选择一条需要导出的数据",
          type: "warning",
        });
        return;
      }
      let content = "";
      if (this.type === 1) {
        content = "该操作将导出选中的数据，是否继续";
      } else if (this.type === 2) {
        content = "该操作将导出全部数据，是否继续";
      }
      this.$msgbox
        .confirm(content, "提示", {
          confirmButtonText: "确定",
          cancelButtonText: "取消",
          type: "warning",
        })
        .then(() => {
           //这里的路径使用自己的文件路劲
          import("../../vendor/Export2Excel").then((excel) => {
            // 定义表头
            const tableHeader = this.tableHeader;
            // 表头对应字段
            const filterVal = this.filterVal;
            const list = this.filterTableData(
              JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(this.exportList))
            ); // this.selectList为选中的要导出的数据，用filterTableData方法先处理一下数据格式(要进行深度拷贝，以免过滤的时候，影响页面上展示的数据)，再存到list

            const data = this.formatJson(filterVal, list);
            excel.export_json_to_excel({
              header: tableHeader,
              data,
              filename: this.tableTitle, //文件名
              autoWidth: true, //autoWidth
              bookType: "xlsx", //类型
            });
          });
        })
        .catch(() => {});
    },
    formatJson(filterVal, Data) {
      return Data.map((v) => filterVal.map((j) => v[j]));
    },
    //导出数据前对数据处理
    filterTableData(data) {
      this.$emit("filterTableData", data);
      return data;
    },
  },
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

4.使用组件

<template>
  <div>       
     <el-table
      :data="tableData"
      style="width: 100%">
      <el-table-column
        prop="date"
        label="日期"
        width="180">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="name"
        label="姓名"
        width="180">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="address"
        label="地址">
      </el-table-column>
    </el-table>
    <Export 
    :exportList="exportList"
     @clickButton="exportPeopleScoreExcel"
	  @filterTableData="filterTableData"
	  :tableHeader="tableHeader"
	  :filterVal="filterVal"
	  :tableTitle="tableTitle"
   />
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import Export from '../components/export/index.vue' //引入组件
export default {
    components:{
        Export,//注册组件
    },
 data(){
     return{
           tableData: [{
            date: '2016-05-02',
            name: '王小虎',
            address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄'
          }, {
            date: '2016-05-04',
            name: '王小虎',
            address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1517 弄'
          }, {
            date: '2016-05-01',
            name: '王小虎',
            address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1519 弄'
          }, {
            date: '2016-05-03',
            name: '王小虎',
            address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1516 弄'
          }],
           //导出表格所需字段
		    exportList: [],
		    tableHeader: [],
		    filterVal: [],
		    tableTitle: "",
		    exportAllDataList:[],
     }
 },
 methods:{
   // 导出
    exportPeopleScoreExcel() {
      this.exportList=this.tableData;//表格内容
      this.tableTitle='Text';//表格导出后的文件名
      this.tableHeader=['日期', '姓名', '地址'];//表头
      this.filterVal= ['date', 'name', 'address'];//表头对应的属性
    },

  //对数据格式进行处理 (可写可不写)
    filterTableData(data) {},
}
}
</script>

<style>
</style>

二、后端主导的导出

1.后端返回的数据格式

接口请求代码

// 导出员工
export function export(data) {
    return request({
      url: '请求地址',
      method: 'post',
      responseType: 'blob',//一定要加上
      data
    })
  }

2.在src下，新建utils文件夹，里面包含downloadFaile.js

 export const downloadFaile = (api,data,parm) =>{
    return api(data,parm).then(res=>{
      console.log("res",res);
      console.log("22222222",);
      const link = document.createElement("a");//新建一个标签  a标签下载
      link.style.display = "none";//隐藏 
      if(res.data.type === undefined && res.headers["content-type"] === 'application/octet-stream;charset=utf-8'){
        const url = window.URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([res.data], {type: "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"}))
        link.href = url //href属性指定下载链接
        link.setAttribute("download", decodeURI(res['headers']['content-disposition'].split('filename=')[1]))
        //给link标签一个新的属性 dowload属性指定文件名a标签添加了download属性之后，a标签点击之后，浏览器会强制进行文件下载，下载的文件名就是download所命名的文件名。
        //在不加download属性的时候，a标签点击之后 浏览器是直接打开文件进行预览，而不会下载；
      }else{
        const blob = new Blob([res.data], { type: "multipary/form-data" })//multipary/form-data 文件上传 使用form表单提交
        link.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
        link.setAttribute("download", decodeURI(res['headers']['content-disposition'].split('filename=')[1]))
      }
      document.body.appendChild(link)
      link.click() // click()事件触发下载
      document.body.removeChild(link)
    })
  }

3.封装导出组件

<template>
    <div class="exportbuttonClass">
        <el-button        :disabled="disabledButton"
        :loading="buttonloading"
        type="info" plain @click="clickExport">
        <span style="display: flex;align-items: center">
            <i v-if="!buttonloading" style="font-size: 12px;padding: 3px;" class="iconfont icon-daochu1"></i>
            <span>导出</span>
        </span>
        </el-button>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
import {downloadFaile} from '@/utils/downloadFaile.js'
 export default {
    props:{
        /*按钮是否可用*/
        disabledButton:{
            type:Boolean,
            default:false
        },
        /*按钮是否加载中*/
        buttonloading:{
            type:Boolean,
            default:false
        },
    },
   /*方法集合*/
   methods: {
       clickExport(){
           this.$emit("clickExport")
       },
   },


 }
</script>

<style scoped lang='scss'>
.exportbuttonClass{
    display: inline-block;
    width: 74px;
    ::v-deep .el-button--medium{
        padding: 6px 12px;
        height: 32px;
    }
}
</style>

4.使用组件

1.先引入组件，注册组件
2.引入utils下的方法
3.引入请求的api （exportRolesList是api）

页面使用
 <ExportButton @clickExport="clickExport" />

方法：
    clickExport() {
       //exportRolesList是api arr是需要导出的数据表格数据
      downloadFaile(exportRolesList, arr)
        .then(() => {
          //可以写个导出成功提示
        })
        .catch(() => {
         //可以写个导出失败提示
        });
    },