华中农业大学 Java实验课 1

1.1

构造器调用顺序：

一、在类的内部，变量定义的先后顺序决定了初始化的顺序。即使变量定义散布于方法定义之间，它们仍旧会在任何方法（包括构造器）被调用之前得到初始化。

class Tag {
	Tag(int marker) {
	System.out.println("Tag(" + marker + ")");
}
}
class Card {
	Tag t1 = new Tag(1); // Before constructor
	Card() {
// Indicate we're in the constructor:
		System.out.println("Card()");
		t3 = new Tag(33); // Reinitialize t3
	}
	Tag t2 = new Tag(2); // After constructor
	void f() {
		System.out.println("f()");
	}
	Tag t3 = new Tag(3); // At end
}
//主类
public class OrderOfInitialization {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
			Card t = new Card();
			t.f(); // Shows that construction is done
}
} ///:~
//---------------------------------------------------------
//运行结果
"Tag(1)"
"Tag(2)"
"Tag(3)"
"Card()"
"Tag(33)"
"f()"

1.2

二 静态数据初始化，先静态，再非静态

class Bowl {
	Bowl(int marker) {
	System.out.println("Bowl(" + marker + ")");
}
	void f(int marker) {
	System.out.println("f(" + marker + ")");
	}
}

class Table {
	static Bowl b1 = new Bowl(1);
	Table() {
		System.out.println("Table()");
		b2.f(1);
}
	void f2(int marker) {
		System.out.println("f2(" + marker + ")");
	}
	static Bowl b2 = new Bowl(2);
}

class Cupboard {
	Bowl b3 = new Bowl(3);
	static Bowl b4 = new Bowl(4);
	Cupboard() {
		System.out.println("Cupboard()");
		b4.f(2);
	}
	void f3(int marker) {
		System.out.println("f3(" + marker + ")");
	}
	static Bowl b5 = new Bowl(5);
}
//主类
public class StaticInitialization {
 
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
		new Cupboard();
		System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
		new Cupboard();
		t2.f2(1);
		t3.f3(1);
	}
	static Table t2 = new Table();
	static Cupboard t3 = new Cupboard();
}
//---------------------------------------------------------
//运行结果:
//-------
//static Table t2 = new Table();
"Bowl(1)"
"Bowl(2)"
"Table()"
"f(1)"
 //--------
 //static Cupboard t3 = new Cupboard();
"Bowl(4)"
"Bowl(5)"
"Bowl(3)"
"Cupboard()"
"f(2)"
 //---------
 //System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
//		new Cupboard();
"Creating new Cupboard() in main"
"Bowl(3)"
"Cupboard()"
"f(2)"
 //---------
//System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
//		new Cupboard();
"Creating new Cupboard() in main"
"Bowl(3)"
"Cupboard()"
"f(2)"
 //---------
//t2.f2(1);
//t3.f3(1);
"f2(1)"
"f3(1)"

1.3

三构造器的调用顺序

\1. 调用基类构造器。这个步骤会不断地反复递归下去，首先是构造这种层次结构的根，然后是下一层导出类，等等。直到最低层的导出类。

\2. 按声明顺序调用成员的初始状态设置模块。

\3. 调用导出类构造器的主体。

package test1;

class Meal {
	Meal() { System.out.println("Meal()"); }
}
class Bread {
	Bread() { System.out.println("Bread()"); }
}
class Cheese {
	Cheese() { System.out.println("Cheese()"); }
}
class Lettuce {
	Lettuce() { System.out.println("Lettuce()"); }
}
class Lunch extends Meal {
	Lunch() { System.out.println("Lunch()"); }
}
class PortableLunch extends Lunch {
	PortableLunch() { System.out.println("PortableLunch()");}
}
public class Sandwich extends PortableLunch {
	private Bread b = new Bread();
	private Cheese c = new Cheese();
	private Lettuce l = new Lettuce();
	public Sandwich() {
		System.out.println("Sandwich()");
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Sandwich(); 
	}
} ///:~
//-----------------------------------------------------
//运行结果
"Meal()",
"Lunch()",
"PortableLunch()",
"Bread()",
"Cheese()",
"Lettuce()",
"Sandwich()"

1.4

四加强

在其他任何事物发生之前，将分配给对象的存储空间初始化成二进制的零。

package test1;

abstract class Glyph {
	abstract void draw();
	Glyph() {
		System.out.println("Glyph() before draw()");
		draw();
		System.out.println("Glyph() after draw()");
	}
}
class RoundGlyph extends Glyph {
	private int radius = 1;
	RoundGlyph(int r) {
		radius = r;
		System.out.println("RoundGlyph.RoundGlyph(), radius = " + radius);
	}
	void draw() {
		System.out.println("RoundGlyph.draw(), radius = " + radius);
	}
}
public class PolyConstructors {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new RoundGlyph(5);
	}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------
//运行结果
"Glyph() before draw()",
"RoundGlyph.draw(), radius = 0",
"Glyph() after draw()",
"RoundGlyph.RoundGlyph(), radius = 5"