C++构造函数与析构函数

构造函数

构造函数，跟类同名，是在类里面一定存在的，可以对成员变量在类内进行赋值，

一定是public，

可以重载

# include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Student
{
private:
	char *m_name;
	int m_age;
	float m_score;

public:
	Student();//构造函数,可以对成员变量在类内进行赋值，其一定是public
	void show();
};

Student::Student()
{
	m_name = "小明";
	m_age = 16;
	m_score= 92.6;
}

void Student::show()
{
	cout <<m_name<<endl;
	cout <<m_age<<endl;
	cout <<m_score<<endl;
}

int main()
{
	Student stu;
	stu.show();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

构造函数的重载

# include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Student
{
private:
	char *m_name;
	int m_age;
	float m_score;

public:
	Student();//构造函数,可以对成员变量在类内进行赋值，其一定是public，可重载
	Student(char *name);
	Student(char *name, float score);
	void show();
};

Student::Student()
{
	m_name = "小明";
	m_age = 16;
	m_score= 92.6;
}

Student::Student(char *name)
{
	m_name =name;
}
Student::Student(char *name, float score)
{
	m_name = name;
	m_score = score;
}

void Student::show()
{
	cout <<m_name<<endl;
	cout <<m_age<<endl;
	cout <<m_score<<endl;
}

int main()
{
	Student stu;
	stu.show();
	cout<<"-------------------"<<endl;

	Student stu1("小红");
	stu1.show();
	cout<<"-------------------"<<endl;

	Student stu2("小鹏", 88.5);
	stu2.show();
	cout<<"-------------------"<<endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

//输出：

小明
16
92.6
-------------------
小红
-858993460
-1.07374e+008
-------------------
小鹏
-858993460
88.5
-------------------

初始化列表

作用域+函数名+（参数列表）：成员变量1（参数1），成员变量2（参数2）

Student::Student(char *name, int age, float score):m_name(name),m_age(age),m_score(score)
{
}

初始化列表的顺序只与参数列表的顺序有关

析构函数

析构函数有助于在跳出程序（比如关闭文件、释放内存等）前释放资源。

new可以执行构造函数，delete可以执行析构函数

而malloc和free并不会执行构造和析构。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Student
{
public:
	char *m_name;
	float m_score;
public:
	Student();//构造函数
	~Student();//析构函数
};

Student::Student()
{
	m_name = new char[10];
	for (int i = 0; i< 5;i++)
	{
		m_name[i] = i+'a';	
	}
	m_name[6] = '\0';
}

Student::~Student()//释放开辟的资源
{
	if (m_name != NULL)
	{
		delete []m_name;
	}
}

int main()
{
	Student *pStu = new Student;
	cout<<pStu->m_name<<endl;

	char *str = pStu->m_name;

	delete pStu;//此步执行析构函数，释放资源

	cout<<str<<endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}