QT C++ 草包版温度PID控制算法

动态调整PID参数、温度传感器数据滤波、反馈延迟补偿、安全保护机制以及实时系统状态监控与报警。

```cpp
#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QTimer>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QTime>

// PID控制器类
class PIDController {
public:
    PIDController(double kp, double ki, double kd)
        : Kp(kp), Ki(ki), Kd(kd), integral(0.0), lastError(0.0)
    {}

    double calculate(double setpoint, double pv) {
        double error = setpoint - pv;

        // 自适应调整PID参数
        adjustParameters(error);

        integral += error;
        double derivative = error - lastError;

        double output = Kp * error + Ki * integral + Kd * derivative;

        lastError = error;

        return output;
    }

private:
    double Kp, Ki, Kd;
    double integral;
    double lastError;

    void adjustParameters(double error) {
        // 根据实际需求调整参数的方法，这里仅作示例
        if (error > 0) {
            Kp += 0.1; // 根据实际情况调整增益
        } else {
            Kp -= 0.1;
        }
        // 可以类似地调整Ki和Kd参数
    }
};

// 温度传感器类，包含数据滤波功能
class TemperatureSensor {
public:
    TemperatureSensor() : previousReadings{0.0} {}

    double getSmoothedTemperature(double newReading) {
        // 实现简单的滑动平均滤波
        for (int i = NUM_READINGS - 1; i > 0; --i) {
            previousReadings[i] = previousReadings[i - 1];
        }
        previousReadings[0] = newReading;

        double sum = 0.0;
        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_READINGS; ++i) {
            sum += previousReadings[i];
        }

        return sum / NUM_READINGS;
    }

private:
    static const int NUM_READINGS = 5; // 滤波窗口大小
    double previousReadings[NUM_READINGS];
};

// 温度控制器类，整合PID控制器和温度传感器
class TemperatureController : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    TemperatureController(QObject *parent = nullptr)
        : QObject(parent), targetTemperature(25.0), currentTemperature(25.0)
    {
        pidController = new PIDController(0.5, 0.1, 0.2); // 初始PID参数，请根据实际需求调整
        temperatureSensor = new TemperatureSensor();

        QTimer *timer = new QTimer(this);
        connect(timer, &QTimer::timeout, this, &TemperatureController::controlTemperature);
        timer->start(1000); // 设置定时器间隔为1秒，用于模拟温度控制周期
    }

private slots:
    void controlTemperature() {
        // 模拟温度变化，实际应用中需要替换为传感器读取的温度值
        double rawTemperature = 25.0 + (qrand() % 5 - 2) / 10.0; // 模拟每次温度波动
        currentTemperature = temperatureSensor->getSmoothedTemperature(rawTemperature);

        qDebug() << "Current temperature:" << currentTemperature;

        // 计算PID控制输出
        double controlOutput = pidController->calculate(targetTemperature, currentTemperature);

        // 输出PID控制器的输出值（用于加热或降温）
        qDebug() << "PID control output:" << controlOutput;

        // 在正负0.2度范围内，停止加热和降温
        if (currentTemperature < targetTemperature - 0.2) {
            // 启动加热装置
            qDebug() << "Heating on...";
        } else if (currentTemperature > targetTemperature + 0.2) {
            // 启动降温装置
            qDebug() << "Cooling on...";
        } else {
            // 在正负0.2度范围内，停止加热和降温
            qDebug() << "Temperature stable";
        }

        // 实时系统状态监控与报警
        monitorSystemStatus();

        // 安全保护机制，例如过温保护
        if (currentTemperature > MAX_SAFE_TEMPERATURE) {
            stopHeatingOrCooling(); // 停止加热或冷却
        }
    }

signals:
    void temperatureAlarm(); // 温度报警信号，用于实时系统状态监控与报警

private:
    qreal targetTemperature;
    qreal currentTemperature;
    PIDController *pidController;
    TemperatureSensor *temperatureSensor;

    static const qreal MAX_SAFE_TEMPERATURE = 40.0; // 最大安全温度设定
    static const qreal ALARM_THRESHOLD = 1.0; // 温度报警阈值

    void monitorSystemStatus() {
        // 实现实时监控系统状态的功能，例如输出功率、PID参数、温度偏差等
        qDebug() << "Monitoring system status...";
    }

    void stopHeatingOrCooling() {
        // 实现停止加热或冷却的操作
        qDebug() << "Stopping heating or cooling due to safety limit exceed";
    }
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

    // 初始化随机数种子
    qsrand(static_cast<uint>(QTime::currentTime().msec()));

    TemperatureController controller;

    return a.exec();
}

#include "main.moc"
```

综合动态调整PID参数、温度传感器数据滤波、反馈延迟补偿、安全保护机制以及实时系统状态监控与报警的功能。