C# 中的委托

C#特有的属性“委托”的本质就是像C/C++中的函数指针，回调函数那样。不过对于面对对象的C#语言来说委托的函数不是单独存在的，而是和其类实例化的对象相关联的。

1.创建C#的委托：

   在C#中创建委托的格式： public delegate void OpDelegate(int First, int Second);

   此时能与该委托匹配的方法为：static public void Subtact(int First, int Second){....}

                                        public void Add(int First, int Second){...}

   就是说委托是可以与静态方法或非静态方法共用的。

 

2.一个银行例子，透支的处理类就是用到委托

STEP1.先写一个用于透支处理的委托方法相关的透支处理类：

using  System;
namespace  MSPress.CSharpCoreRef.Bank
... {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 下面的 withdrawal 方法, 提供有透支情况发生
  /// 的委托方法
  /// </summary>
    public class OverdraftProtection
    ...{
        public OverdraftProtection(decimal initialLoan)
        ...{
            _availableLoan = initialLoan;
            _currentLoan = 0;
        }
        public decimal AvailableLoan
        ...{
            set ...{ _availableLoan = value; }
            get ...{ return _availableLoan; }
        }
        public decimal CurrentLoan
        ...{
            set ...{ _currentLoan = value; }
            get ...{ return _currentLoan; }
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 与Withdrawal的实例共用的方法，用于管理帐户贷款情况
    /// 透支会根据构造函数指定的固定数量给付
    /// </summary>
        /// <param name="debit">Attempted debit.</param>
        /// <returns>True if successful, false if overdraft
        /// loan amount exceeded.</returns>
        public bool HandleDebit(decimal debit)
        ...{
            if(debit > 0)
            ...{
                if(debit <= _availableLoan)
                ...{
                    _availableLoan -= debit;
                    _currentLoan += debit;
                }
                else
                    return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 可以透支的金额
        /// </summary>
        protected decimal _availableLoan;
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 当前透支的金额
        /// </summary>
        protected decimal _currentLoan;
    }
}

STEP2.然后是创建应行的帐户类：

using  System;
namespace  MSPress.CSharpCoreRef.Bank
... {
    public class Account  //银行的帐户类
    ...{
                public delegate bool DebitPolicy(decimal aWithdrawal); //定义透支委托方法
        //帐户类的构造函数，第一个参数是开始帐户的数额
        //第二个参数则为定义委托方法的委托签名，Account创建后
        //将传递一个与该委托签名匹配的委托方法
        public Account(decimal anInitialBalance, DebitPolicy aDebitPolicy)  
               ...{
                    _balance = anInitialBalance;
                    _debitPolicy = aDebitPolicy;
               }
              public decimal Balance
             ...{
                 get
                 ...{
                     return _balance;
                 }
             }
             public void Deposit(decimal aDeposit)
            ...{
                    if(aDeposit < 0)
                         throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
                   _balance += aDeposit;
            }
            public bool Withdrawal(decimal aWithdrawal)                    //取款方法
      ...{
                    if(aWithdrawal < 0)
                         throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
                   if(aWithdrawal < _balance)
                   ...{
                        _balance -= aWithdrawal;
                        return true;
                   }
                   else
                   ...{
                        // 如果没有借贷政策，就不允许透支.
                        if(_debitPolicy == null)
                             return false;
                       aWithdrawal -= _balance;
                       if(_debitPolicy(aWithdrawal))
                      ...{
                          _balance = 0;
                          return true;
                      }
                     else
                    ...{
                         return false;
                    }
            }
        }
        protected DebitPolicy _debitPolicy;
        protected decimal _balance;
    }
}

STEP3.最后定义主函数类把他们都实例化：

using  System;
namespace  MSPress.CSharpCoreRef.Bank
... {
    class BankApp
    ...{
             static void Main(string[] args)
             ...{

                  //实例化用于透支处理类，透支金额为500
                  OverdraftProtection op = new OverdraftProtection(500);  
                 //定义Account中的委托方法           
                 Account.DebitPolicy policy;  
                //将实例化的对象op的HandleDebit与Account中的委托方法

        //匹配

         policy = new Account.DebitPolicy(op.HandleDebit); 
            //实例化我的帐户
         Account myAccount = new Account(100, policy);   
          bool done = false;
                  do
                  ...{
                         DisplayMenu();
                         string choice = Console.ReadLine();
                         switch(choice.ToLower())
                         ...{
                              case "w":
                                   HandleWithdrawal(myAccount);
                                    break;
                             case "d":
                                   HandleDeposit(myAccount);
                                   break;
                            case "q":
                                   done = true;
                                   break;
                            default:
                                   InvalidChoice(choice);
                                   break;
                          }
                         CurrentBalance(myAccount, op);
                 }while(!done);
             }
        static void DisplayMenu()
        ...{
            Console.WriteLine(" W) Withdraw");
            Console.WriteLine("D) Deposit");
            Console.WriteLine("Q) Quit");
            Console.Write("->");
        }
        static void InvalidChoice(string choice)
        ...{
            Console.WriteLine("{0} is not a valid choice.", choice);
        }
        static void HandleWithdrawal(Account anAccount)
        ...{
            Console.Write("Withdrawal amount: ");
            string request = Console.ReadLine();
            decimal withdrawal = Convert.ToDecimal(request);
            bool result = anAccount.Withdrawal(withdrawal);
            if(result == true)
                Console.WriteLine("Withdrawal of {0} was successful.", withdrawal);
            else
                Console.WriteLine("Withdrawal of {0} was not successful.", withdrawal);
        }
        static void HandleDeposit(Account anAccount)
        ...{
            Console.Write("Deposit amount: ");
            string request = Console.ReadLine();
            decimal deposit = Convert.ToDecimal(request);
            anAccount.Deposit(deposit);
        }
        static void CurrentBalance(Account anAccount, OverdraftProtection op)
        ...{
            Console.WriteLine("Balance is {0}", anAccount.Balance);
            Console.WriteLine("Available overdraft is {0}", op.AvailableLoan);
            Console.WriteLine("Current overdraft loan is {0}", op.CurrentLoan);
        }
 }