WinForm中父窗体与子窗体之间的相互传值

1、前言

在WinForm开发中，窗体之间的相互传值是一项基本操作，本文就来介绍一下实现方法。

2、父窗体传值给子窗体

父窗体传值给子窗体比较简单，可以利用构造函数、属性、自定义函数实现。新建一个WinForm项目，创建父窗体MainForm和子窗体ChildForm，如下图所示：

MainForm界面如下所示：

ChildForm界面如下所示：

2.1、构造函数传值

MainForm代码如下：

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        private ChildForm childForm;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (childForm == null || childForm.IsDisposed)
            {
                childForm = new ChildForm(txtName.Text);
                childForm.Show();
            }
        }
    }
}

ChildForm代码如下：

using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class ChildForm : Form
    {
        public ChildForm(string currentText)
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            lblName.Text = currentText;
        }
    }
}

2.2、属性传值

MainForm代码如下：

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        private ChildForm childForm;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (childForm == null || childForm.IsDisposed)
            {
                childForm = new ChildForm();
                childForm.CurrentText = txtName.Text;
                childForm.Show();
            }
        }
    }
}

ChildForm代码如下：

using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class ChildForm : Form
    {
        public string CurrentText
        {
            get { return lblName.Text; }
            set { lblName.Text = value; }
        }

        public ChildForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    }
}

2.3、自定义函数传值

MainForm代码如下：

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        private ChildForm childForm;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (childForm == null || childForm.IsDisposed)
            {
                childForm = new ChildForm();
                childForm.SetText(txtName.Text);
                childForm.Show();
            }
        }
    }
}

ChildForm代码如下：

using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class ChildForm : Form
    {
        public ChildForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        public void SetText(string currentText)
        {
            lblName.Text = currentText;
        }
    }
}

以上三种方法的效果是一样的，如下图所示：

3、子窗体传值给父窗体

子窗体传值给父窗体需要使用委托和事件实现。新建一个WinForm项目，创建父窗体MainForm和子窗体ChildForm，如下图所示：

MainForm界面如下所示：

ChildForm界面如下所示：

3.1、自定义委托

MainForm代码如下：

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        private ChildForm childForm;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (childForm == null || childForm.IsDisposed)
            {
                childForm = new ChildForm();
                childForm.handler = new SetTextEventHandler(SetText);
                childForm.Show();
            }
        }

        private void SetText(string text)
        {
            lblName.Text = text;
        }
    }
}

ChildForm代码如下：

using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public delegate void SetTextEventHandler(string text);

    public partial class ChildForm : Form
    {
        public SetTextEventHandler handler;

        public ChildForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            if (handler != null)
            {
                handler(txtName.Text);
            }
        }
    }
}

3.2、自定义委托+事件

MainForm代码如下：

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        private ChildForm childForm;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (childForm == null || childForm.IsDisposed)
            {
                childForm = new ChildForm();
                childForm.handler += new SetTextEventHandler(SetText);
                childForm.Show();
            }
        }

        private void SetText(string text)
        {
            lblName.Text = text;
        }
    }
}

ChildForm代码如下：

using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public delegate void SetTextEventHandler(string text);

    public partial class ChildForm : Form
    {
        public event SetTextEventHandler handler;

        public ChildForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            if (handler != null)
            {
                handler(txtName.Text);
            }
        }
    }
}

3.3、内置委托

MainForm代码如下：

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        private ChildForm childForm;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (childForm == null || childForm.IsDisposed)
            {
                childForm = new ChildForm();
                childForm.handler = new Action<string>(SetText);
                childForm.Show();
            }
        }

        private void SetText(string text)
        {
            lblName.Text = text;
        }
    }
}

ChildForm代码如下：

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class ChildForm : Form
    {
        public Action<string> handler;

        public ChildForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            if (handler != null)
            {
                handler(txtName.Text);
            }
        }
    }
}

3.4、内置委托+事件

MainForm代码如下：

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        private ChildForm childForm;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (childForm == null || childForm.IsDisposed)
            {
                childForm = new ChildForm();
                childForm.handler += new Action<string>(SetText);
                childForm.Show();
            }
        }

        private void SetText(string text)
        {
            lblName.Text = text;
        }
    }
}

ChildForm代码如下：

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class ChildForm : Form
    {
        public event Action<string> handler;

        public ChildForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            if (handler != null)
            {
                handler(txtName.Text);
            }
        }
    }
}

以上四种写法的效果是一样的，如下图所示：

4、结语

窗体传值是WinForm中的基础问题，因此开发者需要熟练掌握委托、事件、属性的使用方法。