CCNA ---LAB5

 

1.实验目的

• 理解生成树STP的选举过程
• 掌握生成树STP接口角色切换的操作

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2.拓扑与需求

拓扑：

需求：

1. 默认情况下阻塞的是SW3的e0/1接口，保持SW1根桥角色不变的情况下，将阻塞接口切换为SW2的e0/1接口。
2. 保持SW1为根桥的情况下，将SW2的E0/0接口阻塞

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3.配置与实现

1. 默认情况下阻塞的是SW3的e0/1接口，保持SW1根桥角色不变的情况下，将阻塞接口切换为SW2的e0/1接口。

分析：根据生成树选举原则，SW3的E0/1被阻塞是由于竞争指定接口失败，而选举指定接口的规则为：在每段链路上选举一个接口为指定接口

1. 离根近的接口
2. 发送BPDU者的BID（桥ID）较小
3. 发送BPDU者的PID（端口ID）较小

在本实验中，SW2的e0/1和SW3的e0/1距离根桥（SW1）的距离相等，而SW2本身的BID较小故SW2的e0/1成为指定接口，而SW3的E0/1接口被阻塞

操作思路：通过操作接口的cost使得SW3的E0/1比SW2的0/1接口到达根桥的距离更近

 

SW3配置：

Switch>
Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#^Z    
R3#show 
*Apr 20 13:10:48.327: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R3#show spa
R3#show spanning-tree 

VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     aabb.cc00.1400
             Cost        100
             Port        3 (Ethernet0/2)
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     aabb.cc00.5400
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  300 sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Et0/0               Desg FWD 100       128.1    P2p 
Et0/1               Altn BLK 100       128.2    P2p 
Et0/2               Root FWD 100       128.3    P2p 
Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p 


R3#conf t             
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#int e0/2   
R3(config-if)#spa
R3(config-if)#spanning-tree cost 1
R3(config-if)#
R3#
*Apr 20 13:11:48.506: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R3#show spa
R3#show spanning-tree  vlan
% Incomplete command.

R3#
*Apr 20 13:11:54.826: %PNP-6-PNP_DISCOVERY_STOPPED: PnP Discovery stopped (Config Wizard)
R3#show spanning-tree  vlan 1

VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     aabb.cc00.1400
             Cost        1
             Port        3 (Ethernet0/2)
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     aabb.cc00.5400
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  15  sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Et0/0               Desg FWD 100       128.1    P2p 
Et0/1               Desg LRN 100       128.2    P2p 
Et0/2               Root FWD 1         128.3    P2p 
Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p 


R3配置如图所示

可以看到R2的E0/1端口已经阻塞

SW2#show spanning-tree vlan 1

VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     aabb.cc00.1400
             Cost        100
             Port        1 (Ethernet0/0)
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     aabb.cc00.2400
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  300 sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Et0/0               Root FWD 100       128.1    P2p 
Et0/1               Altn BLK 100       128.2    P2p 
Et0/2               Desg FWD 100       128.3    P2p 
Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p 

 

 

2.保持SW1为根桥的情况下，将SW2的E0/0接口阻塞

操作思路，调整SW2 E0/1的cost，使得两条链路（SW2 E0/1--SW3 0/2---SW1）的cost和小于100 即可

 

SW2配置：

SW2#
*Apr 20 13:18:47.244: %PNP-6-PNP_DISCOVERY_STOPPED: PnP Discovery stopped (Config Wizard)
SW2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
SW2(config)#int e0/1
SW2(config-if)#span
SW2(config-if)#spanning-tree cost 98
SW2(config-if)#
SW2#sh
*Apr 20 13:19:45.073: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
SW2#show spa
SW2#show spanning-tree clan 1
                       ^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

SW2#show spanning-tree vlan 1

VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     aabb.cc00.1400
             Cost        99
             Port        2 (Ethernet0/1)
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     aabb.cc00.2400
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  15  sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Et0/0               Altn BLK 100       128.1    P2p 
Et0/1               Root LRN 98        128.2    P2p 
Et0/2               Desg FWD 100       128.3    P2p 
Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p 

如图所示可以看到R2的E0/0端口已经被阻塞

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实验结束