LeetCode:8.字符串转整型 （String to Integer (atoi)）

8.字符串转整型 （String to Integer (atoi)）

• 实现把字符串转成整型。
• 函数首先把所有的空格去掉直到第一个字符不是空格，然后取出一个正负号，后跟尽可能多的数字，并将它们解释为一个数值。
• 字符串在能转成整型后包括一些附加的字符，但是这些字符会被忽略并不会对函数造成影响。
• 如果第一个非空字符串序列不是有效的数字，或者是空序列或只包含空字符的序列，转换动作就不会执行。
• 如果转换动作没有被执行，则函数返回0.

说明

• 只有这样表示的方法’ '才能识别成空字符。
• 假设我们在只能保存32位整数的范围以下表达式， 那么如果转换后的值超过范围，则返回INT的最大值或最小值.
  $$[-2^{31},2^{31}-1]$$

样例1

• 输入：“42”
• 输出：42

样例2

• 输入：" -42"
• 输出：-42
• 说明：第一个非空字符是减号‘-’，然后获取后面的所有数字42.

样例3

• 输入:“4193 with words”
• 输出: 4193
• 说明：转换功能截止到整数3，后面的字符就不是数字了。

样例4

• 输入：“word and 987”
• 输出：0
• 说明：第一个非空字符是w,但并不是数字或正负号。所以这转换是无效的。

样例 5

• 输入："-91283472332"
• 输出："-2147483648"
• 说明：数字"-91283472332"已经超过了32位的INT最小值，所以返回INT的最小值。

实现代码

public class Solution {
   public int MyAtoi(String str)
   {
        str = str.Trim();
            if (str.Length == 0)
            {
                return 0;
            }
            bool sign = true;
            char[] array = str.ToCharArray();
            int sum = 0;
            int num = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
            {
                char c = array[i];
                if (i == 0)
                {
                    if (c == '-')
                    {
                        sign = false;
                    }
                    else if (c == '+')
                    {
                        sign = true;
                    }
                    else if (c < '0' || c > '9')
                    {
                        return 0;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        num = c - '0';
                        sum = num;
                    }
                }
                else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
                {
                    num = c - '0';
                    if ((sum < Int32.MaxValue / 10) || (sum == Int32.MaxValue / 10 && num <= 7))
                    {
                        sum = 10 * sum + num;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        return sign ? Int32.MaxValue : Int32.MinValue;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    return sign ? sum : -sum;
                }
            }
            return sign ? sum : -sum;
   }
}

Implement atoi which converts a string to an integer.

The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.

The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.

If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.

If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned.

Note:

• Only the space character ’ ’ is considered as whitespace character.
• Assume we are dealing with an environment which could only store integers within the 32-bit signed integer range: [−231, 231 − 1]. If the numerical value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (231 − 1) or INT_MIN (−231) is returned.

Example 1:

• Input: “42”
• Output: 42

Example 2:

• Input: " -42"
• Output: -42
• Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is ‘-’, which is the minus sign.
  Then take as many numerical digits as possible, which gets 42.

Example 3:

• Input: “4193 with words”
• Output: 4193
• Explanation: Conversion stops at digit ‘3’ as the next character is not a numerical digit.

Example 4:

• Input: “words and 987”
• Output: 0
• Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is ‘w’, which is not a numerical digit or a +/- sign. Therefore no valid conversion could be performed.

Example 5:

• Input: “-91283472332”
• Output: -2147483648
• Explanation: The number “-91283472332” is out of the range of a 32-bit signed integer. Thefore INT_MIN (−231) is returned.