StampedLock 2021-07-27

StampedLock

StampedLock是比ReadWriteLock效率更高的读写锁

StampedLock支持写锁，悲观读锁和乐观读

1. 悲观读锁

StampedLock lock = new StampedLock();
long rStamp = lock.readLock();       
try {
    ...        
} finally {
    lock.unlockRead(rStamp);
}

2. 写锁

long wStamp = lock.writeLock();
try {
    ...        
} finally {
    lock.unlockWrite(wStamp);
}

3. 乐观读

//乐观读
long optimistic = lock.tryOptimisticRead();
// 共享变量操作
...
// 乐观读验证是否成功    
if (!lock.validate(optimistic)) {
// 共享变量操作
    ...
}

StampedLock的写锁和悲观读与ReadWriteLock的读写锁功能类似，但乐观读并不是一种加锁操作，允许某一线程在写操作的时候，进行乐观读。

乐观读其实与数据库的乐观锁有异曲同工之妙。

数据库乐观锁，通过版本号version来判断数据是否已更新

SELECT id, ..., version from product_order where id = 777;
//假设此时version为9，
update product_order set version = 10, ... where id = 777 and version = 9 

乐观读的编程范式

当乐观读失败时，直接升级为读锁，保证数据访问成功

public class Point {

    private int x;
    private int y;

    private StampedLock lock = new StampedLock();

    double distanceFromOrigin() {
        long stamp = lock.tryOptimisticRead();

        int curX = x;
        int curY = y;

        if (!lock.validate(stamped)) {
            stamp = lock.readLock();
            try {
                curX = x;
                curY = y;
            } finally {
                lock.unlockRead(stamp);
            }
        }

        return Math.sqrt(curX*curX + curY*curY);
    }
}

总结

1. StampedLock 支持 可中断的悲观读readLockInterruptibly()和写锁writeLockInterruptibly()
2. StampedLock 不支持条件变量
3. StampedLock 支持锁升级tryConvertToWriteLock()和降级tryConvertToReadLock()