1.安装gcc环境、perl库、zlib、openssl等
#nginx编译依赖gcc环境
yum install -y gcc-c++
#pcre:(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions)是一个Perl库,包括 perl 兼容的正则表达式库。nginx的http模块使用pcre来解析正则表达式
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
#该库提供了很多种压缩和解压缩的方式,nginx使用zlib对http包的内容进行gzip
yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
#一个强大的安全套接字层密码库,囊括主要的密码算法、常用的密钥和证书封装管理功能及SSL协议,并提供丰富的应用程序供测试或其它目的使用。nginx不仅支持http协议,还支持https(即在ssl协议上传输http)
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
#重启
reboot
2.官网下载最新的nginx源码包, 上传至Linux服务器中的/usr/local文件下。下载地址:http://nginx.org/
3.解压刚下载的tar.gz包
tar -zxf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.14.2
4.编译并安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make
make install
5.检查安装有效性
#显示安装Nginx的路径, 会发现安装目录是/usr/local/nginx
whereis nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/
6.编辑nginx的配置文件,进行优化,参考优化配置文件如下
#编辑nginx配置文件
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#查看每个物理CPU中core的个数(即核数)
cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "cpu cores"| uniq
#查看逻辑CPU的个数
cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l
#参考如下:
user root;
worker_processes 4;
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
multi_accept on;
}
http {
access_log off;
error_log /dev/null;
server_tokens off;
open_file_cache max=102400 inactive=20s;
open_file_cache_valid 30s;
open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
reset_timedout_connection on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 2k;
gzip_buffers 4 32k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_types text/plain text/javascript text/xml text/css application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\."
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 16;
proxy_connect_timeout 8s;
proxy_send_timeout 8s;
proxy_read_timeout 8s;
send_timeout 3s;
upstream {name} {
server 192.168.1.0:9001 max_fails=5 fail_timeout=30s weight=1;
server 192.168.1.1:9001 max_fails=5 fail_timeout=30s weight=1;
server 192.168.1.2:9001 max_fails=5 fail_timeout=30s weight=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
listen 443 ssl;
server_name localhost;
ssl_certificate cert/214600202240691.pem;
ssl_certificate_key cert/214600202240691.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
proxy_set_header host $host;
proxy_set_header X-forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
location / {
proxy_pass http://{name};
}
}
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root {path};
}
}
}
7.验证Nginx配置文件的有效性
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#如果出现如下提示, 则表示配置文件有效。
#nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
#nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
8.进入nginx的sbin目录下, 并(启动|重新加载|退出)Nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
#启动Nginx
./nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#停止Nginx
./nginx -s quit
#重新加载配置文件
./nginx -s reload
#附录
1.nginx的日志按照天切割
#在你喜欢的某个目录中创建split_nginx_log.sh
vim split_nginx_log.sh
#输入如下脚本,然后保存退出
#!/bin/bash
LOG_PATH=/usr/local/nginx/logs/
PID=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
YESTERDAY=$(date -d "yesterday" +%Y-%m-%d)
mv ${LOG_PATH}access.log ${LOG_PATH}access-${YESTERDAY}.log
mv ${LOG_PATH}error.log ${LOG_PATH}error-${YESTERDAY}.log
kill -USR1 `cat ${PID}`
#修改此文件的权限
chmod +x ./split_nginx_log.sh
#建立定时任务,并输入任务脚本(如:每天凌晨00:00定时执行该脚本)
#编辑定时任务
crontab -e
#输入任务脚本
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/nginx/split_nginx_log.sh
2.nginx常用日志查询
#查询访问最频繁的URL
awk '{print $7}' access.log|sort | uniq -c |sort -n -k 1 -r|more
#查看访问者ip以及该ip下访问的总次数. 在logs文件夹下执行如下代码。得到的结果中,第一段为访问次数, 第二段为对应的ip
awk '{print $1}' access.log |sort |uniq -c|sort -n
3.nginx配置黑名单
#在nginx中的conf文件夹下新建一个黑名单ip文件, 命名为blacklist.conf,以后新增加黑名单ip只需编辑这个文件即可。 加入如下内容
deny 120.27.XX.XX;
#在nginx的配置文件nginx.conf中加入如下配置,可以放到http, server, location, limit_except语句块中.
include blacklist.conf;
#重新加载nginx
./nginx -s reload