Class中的isa指针本质

1.iOS存储优化

BOOL类型占1字节，如何将多个BOOL类型数据存储在一个字节中？可以用一字节的每一位表示一个BOOL类型

1. 实现原理

#import "Person.h"
#define TallMask (1<<0) //表示1左移一位：0b 0000 0001
#define RichMask (1<<1) //表示1左移一位：0b 0000 0010
#define HandsomeMask (1<<2) //表示1左移一位：0b 0000 0100
@interface Person()
{
    char _savePersonInfo;
}
@end
@implementation MJPerson

-(instancetype)init{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        //用一个字节来存储三个变量：从最右往左依次为Tall、Rich、Handsome
        _savePersonInfo = 0b00000101;
    }
    return self;
}

/*思路
 0000 0000（_saveBox）
|0000 0001（掩码）
 ---------
 0000 0001（赋值tall为1）
 
 0000 0000
&1111 1110（掩码取反）
 ---------
 0000 0000（赋值tall为0）
 
 1.如果赋的值为1，则按位或；
 2.如果赋的值为0，则掩码先取反，后按位与
 */
-(void)setTall:(BOOL)tall{
    if (tall) {
        //直接或运算
        _savePersonInfo |=TallMask;
    }else{
        //掩码取反再与运算
        _savePersonInfo &= ~TallMask;
    }
}
-(void)setRich:(BOOL)rich{
    if (rich) {
        _savePersonInfo |= rich;
    }else{
        _savePersonInfo &= ~rich;
    }
}
-(void)setHandsome:(BOOL)handsome{
    if (handsome) {
        _savePersonInfo |= handsome;
    }else{
        _savePersonInfo &= ~handsome;
    }
}
/*思路
 0000 0101
&0000 0001
 ---------
 0000 0001（取出tall值）
 
 1.按位与，用掩码取出_saveBox中特定位；
 2.结果>=1，取反为0，再取反为1；同理，为0则双取反后为0；
 */
-(BOOL)tall{
    return !!(_savePersonInfo & TallMask);
}

-(BOOL)rich{
    return !!(_savePersonInfo & RichMask);
}

-(BOOL)handsome{
    return !!(_savePersonInfo & HandsomeMask);
}

@end

   2.代码优化，结构体支持位域，用结构体来替换实现

@interface Person()
{
    struct{
        char tall :1;//声明用一位来存储，并且从右至左来存,也可以char tall :3;来声明用3位存储
        char rich :1;
        char handsome :1;
    }_tallRichHandsome;
}


@end
@implementation Person

-(instancetype)init{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        //用一个字节来存储三个变量：从最右往左依次为Tall、Rich、Handsome
        _savePersonInfo = 0b00000101;
    }
    return self;
}


-(void)setTall:(BOOL)tall{
    _tallRichHandsome.tall = tall;
}
-(void)setRich:(BOOL)rich{
    _tallRichHandsome.rich = rich;
}
-(void)setHandsome:(BOOL)handsome{
    _tallRichHandsome.handsome = handsome;
}

-(BOOL)tall{
    return !!_tallRichHandsome.tall;//非0（包括负数）取反为0
}

-(BOOL)rich{
   return !!_tallRichHandsome.rich;//非0（包括负数）取反为0
}

-(BOOL)handsome{
    return !!_tallRichHandsome.handsome;//非0（包括负数）取反为0
}

3.代码优化，用共同体可以同时用以上两种方式来写

    union{
        char bits;
        
        //这个结构体只是一个摆设，增加可读性（但是也可以直接_tallRichHandsome.tall来使用）
        struct{
            char tall :1;//声明用一位来存储，并且从右至左来存
            char rich :1;
            char handsome :1;
        };
    }_tallRichHandsome;

总结：回归到实例对象的底层结构中，打印isa指针本来应该是类对象的地址，但是并不是，这事因为isa是一个共同体，需要进行位运算才能获取到真正的类对象地址。

union isa_t 
{
    isa_t() { }
    isa_t(uintptr_t value) : bits(value) { }
    Class cls;
    uintptr_t bits;
#if SUPPORT_PACKED_ISA
 
    // extra_rc must be the MSB-most field (so it matches carry/overflow flags)
    // nonpointer must be the LSB (fixme or get rid of it)
    // shiftcls must occupy the same bits that a real class pointer would
    // bits + RC_ONE is equivalent to extra_rc + 1
    // RC_HALF is the high bit of extra_rc (i.e. half of its range)
    // future expansion:
    // uintptr_t fast_rr : 1;     // no r/r overrides
    // uintptr_t lock : 2;        // lock for atomic property, @synch
    // uintptr_t extraBytes : 1;  // allocated with extra bytes
# if __arm64__
#   define ISA_MASK        0x0000000ffffffff8ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_MASK  0x000003f000000001ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x000001a000000001ULL
    struct {
        uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;
        uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;
        uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;
        uintptr_t shiftcls          : 33; // MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x1000000000
        uintptr_t magic             : 6;
        uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;
        uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;
        uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;
        uintptr_t extra_rc          : 19;
#       define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<45)
#       define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<18)
    };
# elif __x86_64__
#   define ISA_MASK        0x00007ffffffffff8ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_MASK  0x001f800000000001ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x001d800000000001ULL
    struct {
        uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;
        uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;
        uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;
        uintptr_t shiftcls          : 44; // MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x7fffffe00000
        uintptr_t magic             : 6;
        uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;
        uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;
        uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;
        uintptr_t extra_rc          : 8;
#       define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<56)
#       define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<7)
    };
# else
#   error unknown architecture for packed isa
# endif
// SUPPORT_PACKED_ISA
#endif
 
 
#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
# if  __ARM_ARCH_7K__ >= 2
#   define ISA_INDEX_IS_NPI      1
#   define ISA_INDEX_MASK        0x0001FFFC
#   define ISA_INDEX_SHIFT       2
#   define ISA_INDEX_BITS        15
#   define ISA_INDEX_COUNT       (1 << ISA_INDEX_BITS)
#   define ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_MASK  0x001E0001
#   define ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_VALUE 0x001C0001
    struct {
        uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;
        uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;
        uintptr_t indexcls          : 15;
        uintptr_t magic             : 4;
        uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;
        uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;
        uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;
        uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;
        uintptr_t extra_rc          : 7;
#       define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<25)
#       define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<6)
    };
# else
#   error unknown architecture for indexed isa
# endif
// SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
#endif
};

 shiftcls才是真正的类对象地址，同理类对象指向元类对象也是这样。

class_rw_t也是通过class_data_bits bits共同体经过位运算获取到的。