一个简单线程池的实现

本文中的代码出自《java并发编程的艺术》在这里引用，纯属记录一下自己学习到的东西

一个简单线程池的实现

说到线程池，大家都不会陌生，线程池主要用在多任务，高并发的程序当中，其中的作用显而易见，线程池避免了过多的创建线程对象，从而减少了系统资源的浪费；而且线程创建过多的话，上下文切换也会频繁；
下面先看一下线程池接口的定义：

package com.kangxin.doctor.threadpooldemo;

public interface ThreadPool<Job extends Runnable> {

    void execute(Job job);

    void shutdown();

    void addWorkers(int num);

    void removeWorker(int num);

    int getJobSize();
}

客户端通过执行execute 将所要执行的任务添加到Job集合里面，然后通知线程池唤醒线程，线程唤醒之后会从Job集合中取出Job任务去执行，另外除了execute 之外，该接口还提供了关闭线程池，增大和减少工作者线程；以下是该接口的具体实现：

package com.kangxin.doctor.threadpooldemo;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class DefaultThreadPool<Job extends Runnable> implements ThreadPool<Job>{

    private static final int MAX_WORKER_NUMBERS = 10;

    private static final int DEFAULT_WORKER_NUMBERS = 5;

    private static final int MIN_WORKER_NUMBERS = 1;
    //这是一个工作列表，将会向里面插入工作
    private final LinkedList<Job> jobs = new LinkedList<>();
    //工作者列表
    private final LinkedList<Worker> workers = new LinkedList<>();

    private int workerNum = DEFAULT_WORKER_NUMBERS;

    //线程编号生成
    private AtomicInteger threadNum = new AtomicInteger();

    public DefaultThreadPool(){
        initializeWorkers(DEFAULT_WORKER_NUMBERS);
    }

    public DefaultThreadPool(int num){
        workerNum = num > MAX_WORKER_NUMBERS ? MAX_WORKER_NUMBERS : num < MIN_WORKER_NUMBERS
                ? MIN_WORKER_NUMBERS : num;

        initializeWorkers(workerNum);
    }


    private void initializeWorkers(int num){
        for (int i=0; i < num; i++){
            Worker worker = new Worker();

            workers.add(worker);

            Thread thread = new Thread(worker, "ThreadPool-Worker-" +
                    threadNum.incrementAndGet());

            thread.start();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void execute(Job job) {
        if (job != null){
            synchronized (jobs){
                jobs.addLast(job);
                jobs.notify();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void shutdown() {
        for (Worker worker : workers){
            worker.shutdown();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void addWorkers(int num) {
        synchronized (jobs){

            //限制新增的Worker数量不能超过最大值
            if (num + this.workerNum > MAX_WORKER_NUMBERS){
                num = MAX_WORKER_NUMBERS - this.workerNum;
            }

            initializeWorkers(num);
            this.workerNum += num;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void removeWorker(int num) {
        synchronized (jobs){
            if (num >= this.workerNum){
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("beyond workNum");
            }

            //按照给定的数量停止Wroker
            int count = 0;
            while (count < num){
                Worker worker = workers.get(count);
                if (workers.remove(worker)){
                    worker.shutdown();
                    count ++;
                }
            }

            this.workerNum -= count;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getJobSize() {
        return jobs.size();
    }

    class Worker implements Runnable{

        private volatile boolean running = true;

        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (running){
                Job job = null;

                synchronized (jobs){
                    //如果工作列表是空的，那么就wait
                    while (jobs.isEmpty()){
                        try {
                            jobs.wait();
                        }catch (Exception e){
                            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                    //取出一个Job
                    job = jobs.removeFirst();
                }

                if (job != null){
                    try {
                        job.run();
                    }catch (Exception e){
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        public void shutdown(){
            running = false;
        }
    }
}

可以看到该类在初始化的时候就会创建好若干个线程，该线程叫工作者线程，主要负责处理客户端提交给Job集合中的任务的，当然在初始化的时候，如果Job集合中没有任务的话，工作者线程会处于等待状态，而当客户端执行了execute方法之后，工作者线程会被唤醒，然后会从Job集合中取出一个Job去执行Job集合中的任务。

亮点介绍

线程池其实就是基于多线程等待与唤醒的原理来做的，在线程池初始化的时候预先创建好若干个线程并让他们处于等待状态，当有任务来的时候线程才会被唤醒。