1.实验拓扑图
2.实验需求
（1）除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24，其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分；
（2）R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口，模拟PC，地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内；
（3）R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问；
（4）全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量，避免环路；
（5）R4与R5间，正常1000M链路通信，故障时自动改为100M；
3.实验配置思路
（1）划分IP，192.168.1.0/24划分为5个大的网段。
<1.骨干链路：
192.168.1.0/27。将192.168.1.0/27网段，划分成6个小网段。30位的掩码。也可保证每条链路只有两个IP地址可配。具体网段如下：
192.168.1.0/30
192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.20/30
<2.R1环回：
192.168.1.32/27。将192.168.1.32/27继续划分出两个连续的小网段，分别给两个环回口，同理R2/R3/R4的环回划分也是一样的思想。
L0： 192.168.1.32/28
L1: 192.168.1.48/28
<3.R2环回：
192.168.1.64/27
L0： 192.168.1.64/28
L1: 192.168.1.80/28
<4.R3环回：
192.168.1.96/27
L0： 192.168.1.96/28
L1: 192.168.1.112/28
<5.R4环回：
192.168.1.128/27
L0： 192.168.1.128/28
L1: 192.168.1.144/28
(2).编写除了到达5.5.5.0/24之外，到达其他网段的静态路由
(3).配置缺省路由，实现5.5.5.0/24互通，至此实现全网通，并测试
(4).防环，做黑洞路由配置
(5).做备份，通过改变路由条目优先级实现
(6).测试，观察1000Mb/s链路故障时，数据能否走100Mb/s链路。
4.实验步骤
（1）配置IP
<1.R1
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.2 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.32 28
[R1-LoopBack0]int l1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.48 28
<2.R2
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.64 28
[R2-LoopBack0]int l1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.80 28
<3.R3
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.13 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add192.168.1.6 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.96 28
[R3-LoopBack0]int l1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.112 28
<4.R4
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]int l0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.128 28
[R4-LoopBack0]int l1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.144 28
<5.R5
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30
[R5]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24
(2).编写除了到达5.5.5.0/24之外，到达其他网段的静态路由
<1.R1
R1] ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[R1] ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[R1] ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[R1] ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192. 168.1.2
[R1 ]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
[R1 ]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2
[R1] ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6
[R1 ]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
<2.R2
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
<3.R3
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 28 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
<4.R4
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
<5.R5
R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21
(3).配置缺省路由，实现5.5.5.0/24互通，至此实现全网通，并测试
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
<1.全网通测试
(4).防环，做黑洞路由配置
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0
(5).做备份，通过改变路由条目优先级实现
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
(6).测试，观察1000Mb/s链路故障时，数据能否走100Mb/s链路。
<1.1000Mb/s链路未故障时
<2. 1000Mb/s链路故障时
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