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实验拓扑
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实验需求
1.除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24,其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分;
2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口,模拟PC,地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内;
3.R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问;
4.全网可达,尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量,避免环路;
5.R4与R5间,正常1000M链路通信,故障时自动改为100M;
.实验步骤
1.重命名路由器
2划分网段192.168.1.0 /24
6个线路=1主链路1个大网段再划6个;
R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口4个大网段每再划两个环回接口;
R5 1个;
1+4+1=6
192.168.1.0000 0000/24
先划6个
(1)192.168.1.0000 0000/27
(2)192.168.1.0010 0000/27
(3)192.168.1.0100 0000/27
(4)192.168.1.0110 0000/27
(5)192.168.1.1000 0000/27
(6)192.168.1.1010 0000/27
(7)192.168.1.1100 0000/27
(8)192.168.1.1110 0000/27
7.8没用
(1)192.168.1.0000 0000/27再划6个给6个线路
1)192.168.1.0000 0000/30
2)192.168.1.0000 0100/30
3)192.168.1.0000 1000/30
4)192.168.1.0000 1100/30
5)192.168.1.0001 0000/30
6)192.168.1.0001 0100/30
7)192.168.1.0001 1000/30
8)192.168.1.0001 1100/30
7.8没用
6个线路各划2个分给接口
1)192.168.1.0000 0000/30
1)192.168.1.0000 00 01/30
2)192.168.1.0000 00 10/30
2)192.168.1.0000 0100/30
1)192.168.1.0000 01 01/30
2)192.168.1.0000 01 10/30
3)192.168.1.0000 1000/30
1)192.168.1.0000 10 01//30
2)192.168.1.0000 10 10//30
4)192.168.1.0000 1100/30
1)192.168.1.0000 11 01/30
2)192.168.1.0000 11 10//30
5)192.168.1.0001 0000/30
1)192.168.1.0001 00 01//30
2)192.168.1.0001 00 10//30
6)192.168.1.0001 0100/30
1)192.168.1.0001 01 01//30
2)192.168.1.0001 01 10//30
(2)192.168.1.0010 0000/27
(3)192.168.1.0100 0000/27
(4)192.168.1.0110 0000/27
(5)192.168.1.1000 0000/27
(6)192.168.1.1010 0000/27
分给5个路由器做环回地址,两个环回接口再划两个
R1 2)192.168.1.0010 0000/27
1)192.168.1.0010 0001/28(主机位不能全为0)
2)192.168.1.0011 0001/28
R2 3)192.168.1.0100 0000/27
1)192.168.1.0100 0001/28
2)192.168.1.0101 0001/28
R3 4)192.168.1.0110 0000/27
1)192.168.1.0110 0001/28
2)192.168.1.0111 0001/28
R4 5)192.168.1.1000 0000/27
1)192.168.1.1000 0001/28
2)192.168.1.1001 0001/28
R5 6)192.168.1.1010 0000/27
5.5.5.5/24
3.手工配置静态路由
除5.5.5.0 24不配
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.10
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21
4.配缺省路由到5.5.5.0 24,并测试
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.13
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22
5.防环,做黑洞路由配置
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0
6.做备份,通过改变路由条目优先级实现
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference ?
INTEGER<1-255> Preference value range
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
Dec 23 2023 15:51:43-08:00 R4 %%01RM/4/IPV4_DEFT_RT_CHG(l)[0]:IPV4 default Route
is changed. (ChangeType=Delete, InstanceId=0, Protocol=Static, ExitIf=GigabitEt
hernet4/0/0, Nexthop=192.168.1.22, Neighbour=0.0.0.0, Preference=1023410176, Lab
el=NULL, Metric=0)
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 pr
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference ?
INTEGER<1-255> Preference value range
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
7.测试
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