线程安全的三大不安全案例及解决方法

原因：每个线程都有自己的工作内存，内存控制不当会造成数据不一致

1.示例：不安全买票

package syn;

public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTickey station = new BuyTickey();
        new Thread(station,"我").start();
        new Thread(station,"别人").start();
        new Thread(station,"黄牛党").start();

    }
}
class BuyTickey implements Runnable{
    //piao
    private int ticketNums = 10;
    boolean flag = true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while(flag){
            try {
                buy();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        //判断是否有票
        if(ticketNums<=0){
            return;
        }
        //模拟延时
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
    }
}

运行结果：出现了-1则说明线程不安全

 

解决方法:

将方法改成同步方法

2. 示例:不安全取钱

ackage syn;

import com.sun.xml.internal.ws.api.model.wsdl.WSDLOutput;
import org.w3c.dom.ls.LSOutput;

//不安全取钱
//两个人去银行取钱
public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
        Drawing girl = new Drawing(account,100,"girl");
        you.start();
        girl.start();

    }
}

//账户
class Account{
    int money; //余额
    String name;//卡名

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;//账户
    int drawingMoney;//取了多少钱
    int nowMoney;//现在手里有多少钱
    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
       this.account = account;
       this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

    //取钱
    @Override
    public void run(){
        //判断有没有钱
        if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够，取不了");
            return;
        }
        //sleep可以放大问题的发生性
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //卡内余额 =余额 - 你取的钱
        account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
        //你手里的钱
        nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
        System.out.println(account.name+" 余额为："+account.money);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"手里的钱："+nowMoney);
    }

}

 解决方法:

将每个账户分别上锁

3.示例:不安全队列

package syn;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i< 1000;i++){
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }

        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

运行结果:

 解决方法:

将队列上锁