连接数据库

连接数据库我们需要使用到ngx_lua的第三方库：

• lua-resty-redis library based on ngx_lua cosocket.
• lua-resty-mysql library based on ngx_lua cosocket.

这两个库都是基于cosocket实现的，特点是异步非阻塞。代码风格是同步的写法。更多第三方库详见：See Also 。

一、连接Mysql

example拷贝官网：https://github.com/openresty/lua-resty-mysql

    server {
        location /test {
            content_by_lua '
                local mysql = require "resty.mysql"
                local db, err = mysql:new()
                if not db then
                    ngx.say("failed to instantiate mysql: ", err)
                    return
                end

                db:set_timeout(1000) -- 1 sec

                -- or connect to a unix domain socket file listened
                -- by a mysql server:
                --     local ok, err, errcode, sqlstate =
                --           db:connect{
                --              path = "/path/to/mysql.sock",
                --              database = "ngx_test",
                --              user = "ngx_test",
                --              password = "ngx_test" }

                local ok, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:connect{
                    host = "127.0.0.1",
                    port = 3306,
                    database = "ngx_test",
                    user = "ngx_test",
                    password = "ngx_test",
                    charset = "utf8",
                    max_packet_size = 1024 * 1024,
                }

                if not ok then
                    ngx.say("failed to connect: ", err, ": ", errcode, " ", sqlstate)
                    return
                end

                ngx.say("connected to mysql.")

                local res, err, errcode, sqlstate =
                    db:query("drop table if exists cats")
                if not res then
                    ngx.say("bad result: ", err, ": ", errcode, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
                    return
                end

                res, err, errcode, sqlstate =
                    db:query("create table cats "
                             .. "(id serial primary key, "
                             .. "name varchar(5))")
                if not res then
                    ngx.say("bad result: ", err, ": ", errcode, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
                    return
                end

                ngx.say("table cats created.")

                res, err, errcode, sqlstate =
                    db:query("insert into cats (name) "
                             .. "values (\'Bob\'),(\'\'),(null)")
                if not res then
                    ngx.say("bad result: ", err, ": ", errcode, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
                    return
                end

                ngx.say(res.affected_rows, " rows inserted into table cats ",
                        "(last insert id: ", res.insert_id, ")")

                -- run a select query, expected about 10 rows in
                -- the result set:
                res, err, errcode, sqlstate =
                    db:query("select * from cats order by id asc", 10)
                if not res then
                    ngx.say("bad result: ", err, ": ", errcode, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
                    return
                end

                local cjson = require "cjson"
                ngx.say("result: ", cjson.encode(res))

                -- put it into the connection pool of size 100,
                -- with 10 seconds max idle timeout
                local ok, err = db:set_keepalive(10000, 100)
                if not ok then
                    ngx.say("failed to set keepalive: ", err)
                    return
                end

                -- or just close the connection right away:
                -- local ok, err = db:close()
                -- if not ok then
                --     ngx.say("failed to close: ", err)
                --     return
                -- end
            ';
        }
    }

二、连接Redis

example拷贝官网：https://github.com/openresty/lua-resty-redis

redis下载：https://redis.io/download

    server {
        location /test {
            content_by_lua_block {
                local redis = require "resty.redis"
                local red = redis:new()

                red:set_timeouts(1000, 1000, 1000) -- 1 sec

                -- or connect to a unix domain socket file listened
                -- by a redis server:
                --     local ok, err = red:connect("unix:/path/to/redis.sock")

                local ok, err = red:connect("127.0.0.1", 6379)
                if not ok then
                    ngx.say("failed to connect: ", err)
                    return
                end

                ok, err = red:set("dog", "an animal")
                if not ok then
                    ngx.say("failed to set dog: ", err)
                    return
                end

                ngx.say("set result: ", ok)

                local res, err = red:get("dog")
                if not res then
                    ngx.say("failed to get dog: ", err)
                    return
                end

                if res == ngx.null then
                    ngx.say("dog not found.")
                    return
                end

                ngx.say("dog: ", res)

                red:init_pipeline()
                red:set("cat", "Marry")
                red:set("horse", "Bob")
                red:get("cat")
                red:get("horse")
                local results, err = red:commit_pipeline()
                if not results then
                    ngx.say("failed to commit the pipelined requests: ", err)
                    return
                end

                for i, res in ipairs(results) do
                    if type(res) == "table" then
                        if res[1] == false then
                            ngx.say("failed to run command ", i, ": ", res[2])
                        else
                            -- process the table value
                        end
                    else
                        -- process the scalar value
                    end
                end

                -- put it into the connection pool of size 100,
                -- with 10 seconds max idle time
                local ok, err = red:set_keepalive(10000, 100)
                if not ok then
                    ngx.say("failed to set keepalive: ", err)
                    return
                end

                -- or just close the connection right away:
                -- local ok, err = red:close()
                -- if not ok then
                --     ngx.say("failed to close: ", err)
                --     return
                -- end
            }
        }
    }

1.启动redis

redis-5.0.8/src/redis-server

2.请求nginx

curl http://localhost:8080/test

3.查询redis确认数据是否写入成功

redis-5.0.8/src/redis-cli
get dog

三、使用封装接口连接redis

参考：
redis 接口的二次封装（简化建连、拆连等细节） · OpenResty最佳实践

增加文件conf/lua/red.lua

local redis = require "resty.redis_iresty"
local red = redis:new()

local ok, err = red:set("dog", "an animal")
if not ok then
    ngx.say("failed to set dog: ", err)
    return
end

ngx.say("set result: ", ok)

修改nginx.conf

        location /red {
            content_by_lua_file conf/lua/red.lua;
        }

请求nginx

curl http://localhost:8080/red