ffmpeg实现屏幕录制

1. gdigrab

gdigrab是FFmpeg专门用于抓取Windows桌面的设备。非常适合用于屏幕录制。它通过不同的输入URL支持两种方式的抓取：
（1）“desktop”：抓取整张桌面。或者抓取桌面中的一个特定的区域。
（2）“title={窗口名称}”：抓取屏幕中特定的一个窗口（目前中文窗口还有乱码问题）。
gdigrab另外还支持一些参数，用于设定抓屏的位置：
offset_x：抓屏起始点横坐标。
offset_y：抓屏起始点纵坐标。
video_size：抓屏的大小。
framerate：抓屏的帧率。
参考的代码如下：

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//Use gdigrab          AVDictionary* options = NULL;      //Set some options      //grabbing frame rate      //av_dict_set(&options,"framerate","5",0);      //The distance from the left edge of the screen or desktop      //av_dict_set(&options,"offset_x","20",0);      //The distance from the top edge of the screen or desktop      //av_dict_set(&options,"offset_y","40",0);      //Video frame size. The default is to capture the full screen      //av_dict_set(&options,"video_size","640x480",0);      AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format( "gdigrab" );      if (avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, "desktop" ,ifmt,&options)!=0){          printf ("Couldn't open input stream. ");          return  -1;      }

//下面的代码默认设置为====================屏幕大小

#include <stdio.h>

extern "C"

{

    #include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"

    #include "libavformat/avformat.h"

    #include "libswscale/swscale.h"

    #include "libavdevice/avdevice.h"

}

//'1' Use Dshow

//'0' Use VFW

#define USE_DSHOW 0

//Show Dshow Device

void show_dshow_device()

{

    AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();

    AVDictionary* options = NULL;

    av_dict_set(&options,"list_devices","true",0);

    AVInputFormat *iformat = av_find_input_format("dshow");

    printf("========Device Info=============\n");

    avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"video=dummy",iformat,&options);

    printf("================================\n");

}

//Show Dshow Device Option

void show_dshow_device_option()

{

    AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();

    AVDictionary* options = NULL;

    av_dict_set(&options,"list_options","true",0);

    AVInputFormat *iformat = av_find_input_format("dshow");

    printf("========Device Option Info======\n");

    avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"video=Integrated Camera",iformat,&options);

    printf("================================\n");

}

//Show VFW Device

void show_vfw_device()

{

    AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();

    AVInputFormat *iformat = av_find_input_format("vfwcap");

    printf("========VFW Device Info======\n");

    avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"list",iformat,NULL);

    printf("=============================\n");

}

//Show AVFoundation Device

void show_avfoundation_device()

{

    AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();

    AVDictionary* options = NULL;

    av_dict_set(&options,"list_devices","true",0);

    AVInputFormat *iformat = av_find_input_format("avfoundation");

    printf("==AVFoundation Device Info===\n");

    avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"",iformat,&options);

    printf("=============================\n");

}

#define USE_DSHOW 1

int main(int argc, char* argv[])

{

    AVFormatContext	*pFormatCtx;

    int				i, videoindex;

    AVCodecContext	*pCodecCtx;

    AVCodec			*pCodec;

    av_register_all();

    avformat_network_init();

    avdevice_register_all();//Register Device

    pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();

    //抓取屏幕

    AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("gdigrab");

    if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"desktop",ifmt,NULL)!=0){

            printf("Couldn't open input stream. ");

            return -1;

        }

    if(avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx,NULL)<0)

    {

        printf("Couldn't find stream information.\n");

        return -1;

    }

    videoindex=-1;

        for(i=0; i<pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)

        {

            if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)

            {

                videoindex=i;

            }

        }

        if(videoindex==-1)

        {

            printf("Couldn't find a video stream.\n");

            return -1;

        }

        pCodecCtx=pFormatCtx->streams[videoindex]->codec;

        pCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);

        if(pCodec==NULL)

        {

            printf("Codec not found.\n");

            return -1;

        }

        if(avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec,NULL)<0)

        {

            printf("Could not open codec.\n");

            return -1;

        }

        AVFrame	*pFrame,*pFrameYUV;

        pFrame=av_frame_alloc();

        pFrameYUV=av_frame_alloc();

        uint8_t *out_buffer=(uint8_t *)av_malloc(avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height));

        avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pFrameYUV, out_buffer, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);

        int ret, got_picture;

        AVPacket *packet=(AVPacket *)av_malloc(sizeof(AVPacket));

        FILE *fp_yuv=fopen("output.yuv","wb");

        struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;

        img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL);

        ///这里打印出视频的宽高

        fprintf(stderr,"w= %d h= %d\n",pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);

        ///我们就读取100张图像

        for(int i=0;i<100;i++)

        {

            if(av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, packet) < 0)

            {

                break;

            }

            if(packet->stream_index==videoindex)

            {

                ret = avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &got_picture, packet);

                if(ret < 0){

                    printf("Decode Error.\n");

                    return -1;

                }

                if(got_picture)

                {

                    sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const uint8_t* const*)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize);

                    int y_size=pCodecCtx->width*pCodecCtx->height;

                    fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[0],1,y_size,fp_yuv);    //Y

                    fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[1],1,y_size/4,fp_yuv);  //U

                    fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[2],1,y_size/4,fp_yuv);  //V

                }

            }

            av_free_packet(packet);

        }

        sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx);

        fclose(fp_yuv);

        av_free(out_buffer);

        av_free(pFrameYUV);

        avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);

        avformat_close_input(&pFormatCtx);

        return 0;

}