LeetCode200. 岛屿数量（BFS、DFS）

1、题目描述

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/number-of-islands/

给你一个由 '1'（陆地）和 '0'（水）组成的的二维网格，请你计算网格中岛屿的数量。  岛屿总是被水包围，并且每座岛屿只能由水平方向或竖直方向上相邻的陆地连接形成。  此外，你可以假设该网格的四条边均被水包围。

[
['1','1','1','1','0'],
['1','1','0','1','0'],
['1','1','0','0','0'],
['0','0','0','0','0']
]
输出: 1


[
['1','1','0','0','0'],
['1','1','0','0','0'],
['0','0','1','0','0'],
['0','0','0','1','1']
]
输出: 3
解释: 每座岛屿只能由水平和/或竖直方向上相邻的陆地连接而成。

2、代码详解

DFS

技巧：将已经访问的元素置为0，省去visited的空间开销

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/number-of-islands/solution/pythonjavascript-tao-lu-dfs200-dao-yu-shu-liang-by/

class Solution(object):
    def numIslands(self, grid):
        def dfs(grid, i, j):
            if i < 0 or j < 0 or i >= len(grid) or j >= len(grid[0]) or grid[i][j] != '1':
                return
            # 搜索岛屿的同时，执行 grid[i][j] = '0'，即将岛屿所有节点删除，以免之后重复搜索相同岛屿。
            grid[i][j] = '0'  # 将已经访问的元素置为0，省去visited的空间开销
            dfs(grid, i + 1, j)
            dfs(grid, i - 1, j)
            dfs(grid, i, j + 1)
            dfs(grid, i, j - 1)

        if not grid:
            return 0

        count = 0
        for i in range(len(grid)):
            for j in range(len(grid[0])):
                if grid[i][j] == '1':
                    dfs(grid, i, j)
                    count += 1

        return count

class Solution(object):
    def numIslands(self, grid):        
        if not grid: return 0
        
        count = 0
        for i in range(len(grid)):
            for j in range(len(grid[0])):
                if grid[i][j] == '1':
                    self.dfs(grid, i, j)
                    count += 1
                    
        return count
    
    def dfs(self, grid, i, j):
        if i < 0 or j < 0 or i >= len(grid) or j >= len(grid[0]) or grid[i][j] != '1':
            return 
        grid[i][j] = '0'  # 将已经访问的元素置为0，省去visited的空间开销
        self.dfs(grid, i + 1, j)
        self.dfs(grid, i - 1, j)
        self.dfs(grid, i, j + 1)
        self.dfs(grid, i, j - 1)

其他DFS写法

class Solution:
    #        x-1,y
    # x,y-1    x,y      x,y+1
    #        x+1,y
    # 方向数组，它表示了相对于当前位置的 4 个方向的横、纵坐标的偏移量
    directions = [(-1, 0), (0, -1), (1, 0), (0, 1)]

    def numIslands(self, grid):
        m = len(grid)
        # 特判
        if m == 0:
            return 0
        n = len(grid[0])
        marked = [[False for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(m)]
        count = 0
        # 从第 1 行、第 1 格开始，对每一格尝试进行一次 DFS 操作
        for i in range(m):
            for j in range(n):
                # 只要是陆地，且没有被访问过的，就可以使用 DFS 发现与之相连的陆地，并进行标记
                if not marked[i][j] and grid[i][j] == '1':
                    # count 可以理解为连通分量，你可以在深度优先遍历完成以后，再计数，
                    # 即这行代码放在【位置 1】也是可以的
                    count += 1
                    self.__dfs(grid, i, j, m, n, marked)
                    # 【位置 1】
        return count

    def __dfs(self, grid, i, j, m, n, marked):
        marked[i][j] = True
        for direction in self.directions:
            new_i = i + direction[0]
            new_j = j + direction[1]
            if 0 <= new_i < m and 0 <= new_j < n \
                    and not marked[new_i][new_j] and grid[new_i][new_j] == '1':
                self.__dfs(grid, new_i, new_j, m, n, marked)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    grid = [['1', '1', '1', '1', '0'],
            ['1', '1', '0', '1', '0'],
            ['1', '1', '0', '0', '0'],
            ['0', '0', '0', '0', '0']]
    solution = Solution()
    result = solution.numIslands(grid)
    print(result)

BFS

并查集

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/number-of-islands/solution/dfs-bfs-bing-cha-ji-python-dai-ma-java-dai-ma-by-l/