最近学习了一下SSM。SSM是 Spring + SpringMVC + MyBatis 整合框架,非常适合WEB后台开发,也是当前很多人的不二选择。这篇博客带大家来创建一个学习SSM的入门程序,从搭建框架开始,到实现一个小功能,相信新手朋友们通过这篇博客就可以基本入门开发SSM了。
首先介绍一下本博客使用的开发环境的框架版本:
- 开发环境:IntelliJ IDEA 2016.3 + Tomcat 8.5.8 + Maven
- Spring(MVC)版本:4.3.4.RELEASE
- MyBatis版本:2.8.5
1、新建工程
首先打开IntelliJ IDEA开发工具,点击“Create New Project”,如下图所示:
点击后跳转到如下图所示的界面,选择“Empty Project”(如下图所示选择),然后点击“Next”按钮:
跳转到如下图所示的界面,在Project Name一栏中输入项目名称,然后点击Finish:
这时就进入项目了,但是仍然会弹出一个如下图所示的界面,在这个界面中点击图中所示的“加号”,在弹出的窗口中点击“New Module”:
由于我们是要搭建一个SSM的项目,因此我们参照下图所示的界面,一次选择“JAVA”、“Web Project”,然后点击“Next”按钮:
在弹出的界面中输入Module的名称,然后点击“Finish”按钮(IntelliJ、Android Studio这类开发工具与Eclipse不同,它们的Project相当于Eclipse中的WorkSpace,Module才相当于Eclipse中的Project,也就是说,在这类开发工具中,一个Project中可以包含多个Module):
此时会返回上一个页面,如下图所示,可以看到,新的Module已经添加到项目中了,点击OK:
此时就正式进入到了项目中,现在项目的结构如下图所示:
由于我们的项目需要使用Maven进行版本控制,因此我们需要在项目中添加Maven。在项目名上右键选择“Add Framework Support”,如下图所示:
在弹出的页面中选择Maven,然后点击OK按钮,如下图所示:
此时会打开Maven的pom.xml文件,先在这个文件中指定项目的GroupId(一般是基本包名),然后点击右下角的“Import Changes Enable Auto-Import”。如下图所示:
等待项目加载完成,到此,我们的第一个SSM项目就搭建完成了,现在的项目文件体系架构如下图所示:
2、搭建项目框架
下图是一个基本的SSM项目的文件结构:
首先,我们需要在pom.xml中导入Maven依赖,pom.xml文件中的代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>my.itgungnir.ssm</groupId>
<artifactId>SSMTemplate</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<!-- 避免Mapper.xml和Mapper.java绑定不成功 -->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
<include>**/*.tld</include>
<include>**/*.jsp</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
<include>**/*.tld</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>4.3.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
<jackson.version>2.8.5</jackson.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
<artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>asm</groupId>
<artifactId>asm</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
<artifactId>bcprov-ext-jdk15on</artifactId>
<version>1.55</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.18</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
<version>3.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId>
<version>3.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml</groupId>
<artifactId>classmate</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-pool</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>
<version>1.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.2.4.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
<version>3.21.0-GA</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
<version>7.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jboss.logging</groupId>
<artifactId>jboss-logging</artifactId>
<version>3.3.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>6.0.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
<artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
db.properties文件中存储的是数据库有关的数据,如数据库驱动器、用户名、密码等。代码如下:
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?serverTimezone=UTC
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
log4j.properties文件中存储的是日志相关的参数,代码如下:
# Global logging configuration
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout
# MyBatis logging configuration...
log4j.logger.org.mybatis.example.BlogMapper=TRACE
# Console output...
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n
sqlmap.xml文件中存储的是MyBatis中用到的参数,这里由于和Spring进行了整合,一些代码都转到Spring的配置文件中进行维护了,这个文件中只声明类的别名。代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 配置别名(批量扫描配置别名) -->
<typeAliases>
<package name="my.itgungnir.ssm.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
</configuration>
springconf-context.xml文件中存储的是Spring中的一些几乎不发生变化的参数,如数据库连接池、SqlSessionFactory、事务管理器、mapper批量扫描、AOP等等。代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!-- 加载数据库配置设置 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<!-- Druid数据库连接池配置 -->
<bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
<property name="initialSize" value="1"/>
<property name="maxActive" value="20"/>
<property name="minIdle" value="0"/>
<property name="maxWait" value="60000"/>
<property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true"/>
<property name="maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize" value="33"/>
<property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT 'x' FROM DUAL"/>
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="false"/>
<property name="testOnReturn" value="false"/>
<property name="testWhileIdle" value="true"/>
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000"/>
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="25200000"/>
<property name="removeAbandoned" value="true"/>
<property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="1800"/>
<property name="logAbandoned" value="true"/>
<property name="filters" value="mergeStat"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置SqlSessionFactory -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis/sqlmap.xml"/>
</bean>
<!-- mapper批量扫描 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="my.itgungnir.ssm.mappers"/>
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!-- 事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- 通知 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- AOP -->
<aop:config>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* my.itgungnir.ssm.service.impl.*.*(..))"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
springconf-service.xml文件中存储的是对Service接口的实现类的管理,即Service实现类的BEAN容器。代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 操作用户信息的Service实现类 -->
<bean id="usersService" class="my.itgungnir.ssm.service.impl.UsersServiceImpl"/>
</beans>
springmvc.xml文件中存储的是SpringMVC中用到的一些组件,如处理器映射器、处理器适配器、试图解析器、文件上传的解析器、处理器全局扫描等。代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 全局扫描Handler -->
<context:component-scan base-package="my.itgungnir.ssm.controller"/>
<!-- 处理器映射器和适配器 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> <!-- 后缀 -->
</bean>
<!-- 文件上传解析器 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="5242880"/>
</bean>
</beans>
Users.java文件是数据库中的users表映射而成的实体类,代码如下:
import java.util.Date;
/**
* Users数据表映射成的POJO类
*/
public class Users {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private Date birthday;
private Character sex;
private String address;
public Users() {
}
public Users(String username, Date birthday, Character sex, String address) {
this.username = username;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.sex = sex;
this.address = address;
}
public Users(Integer id, String username, Date birthday, Character sex, String address) {
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.sex = sex;
this.address = address;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public Character getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(Character sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
UsersMapper.xml类中存储的是从数据库中读取数据的SQL语句。代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="my.itgungnir.ssm.mappers.UsersMapper">
<!-- 查询所有用户 -->
<select id="selectAllUsers" resultType="my.itgungnir.ssm.Users">
SELECT * FROM users
</select>
</mapper>
UsersMapper.java类是与XML文件对应的Mapper接口,其路径与XML的namespace相同。代码如下:
import pojo.Users;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Users表的Mapper接口
*/
public interface UsersMapper {
// 查询所有用户
List<Users> selectAllUsers() throws Exception;
}
UsersService.java类是Service接口,代码如下:
import pojo.Users;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 映射到Users表的Service接口
*/
public interface UsersService {
// 查询所有用户
List<Users> selectAllUsers() throws Exception;
}
UsersServiceImpl.java类是Service接口的实现类,其中持有一个UsersMapper的引用,通过mapper来处理得到数据。代码如下:
import mapper.UsersMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import pojo.Users;
import service.UsersService;
import java.util.List;
/**
* UsersService接口的实现类
*/
public class UsersServiceImpl implements UsersService {
@Autowired
private UsersMapper mapper;
// 查询所有用户
public List<Users> selectAllUsers() throws Exception {
return mapper.selectAllUsers();
}
}
UsersController.java类是处理器类,通过service接口的动态代理来获取数据,并负责界面的跳转。代码如下:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import pojo.Users;
import service.UsersService;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Users的Controller
*/
@Controller public class UsersController {
@Autowired
private UsersService service;
@RequestMapping("selectAllUsers.action")
public String selectAllUsers(Model model) throws Exception {
List<Users> users = service.selectAllUsers();
model.addAttribute("users", users);
return "users/allusers";
}
}
allusers.jsp页面中负责从Controller中得到数据并展示。代码如下:
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>所有用户</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
<table width="100%" border="1">
<tr>
<td>姓名</td>
<td>出生日期</td>
<td>性别</td>
<td>地址</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${users}" var="user">
<tr>
<td>${user.username}</td>
<td>${user.birthday}</td>
<td>${user.sex}</td>
<td>${user.address}</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
3、搭建服务器
我们使用的是Tomcat服务器。如果还没有给项目配置Tomcat服务器,那么是不能运行的,如下图所示,运行按钮是置灰的:
http://localhost:8080/selectAllUsers.action
运行结果如下图所示:
至此,我们的第一个SSM的项目就全部完成啦!希望对大家有帮助~
最后的最后贴出这个项目的【GitHub地址】。