线程池主要用来解决线程生命周期开销问题和资源不足问题。通过对多个任务重用线程,线程创建的开销就被分摊到了多个任务上了,而且由于在请求到达时线程已经存在,所以消除了线程创建所带来的延迟。这样,就可以立即为请求服务,使应用程序响应更快。另外,通过适当地调整线程池中的线程数目可以防止出现资源不足的情况。
线程池中的所有线程主动从工作队列中寻找需要执行的工作。线程池中的所有线程主动从工作队列中寻找需要执行的工作。
将多而小的任务由有限的线程池中几个线程来执行。
线程池与工作队列
线程池与工作队列
import java.util.*;
public class WorkQueue
{
private final int nThreads;//线程池的大小
private final PoolWorker[] threads;//用数组实现线程池
private final LinkedList queue;//任务队列
public WorkQueue(int nThreads){
this.nThreads = nThreads;
queue = new LinkedList();
threads = new PoolWorker[nThreads];
for (int i=0; i<nThreads; i++) {
threads[i] = new PoolWorker();
threads[i].start();//启动所有工作线程
}
}
public void execute(Runnable r) {//执行任务
synchronized(queue) {
queue.addLast(r);
queue.notify();
}
}
private class PoolWorker extends Thread {//工作线程类
public void run() {
Runnable r;
while (true) {
synchronized(queue) {
while (queue.isEmpty()) {//如果任务队列中没有任务,等待
try{
queue.wait();
}catch (InterruptedException ignored){}
}
r = (Runnable) queue.removeFirst();//有任务时,取出任务
}
try {
r.run();//执行任务
}catch (RuntimeException e) {
// You might want to log something here
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String args[]){
WorkQueue wq=new WorkQueue(10);//10个工作线程
Mytask r[]=new Mytask[20];//20个任务
for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
r[i]=new Mytask();
wq.execute(r[i]);
}
}
}
class Mytask implements Runnable{//任务接口
public void run(){
String name=Thread.currentThread().getName();
try{
Thread.sleep(100);//模拟任务执行的时间
}catch(InterruptedException e){}
System.out.println(name+" executed OK");
}
}
运行结果:
C:/java>java WorkQueue
Thread-1 executed OK
Thread-2 executed OK
Thread-3 executed OK
Thread-4 executed OK
Thread-5 executed OK
Thread-6 executed OK
Thread-7 executed OK
Thread-8 executed OK
Thread-9 executed OK
Thread-10 executed OK
Thread-1 executed OK
Thread-2 executed OK
Thread-3 executed OK
Thread-4 executed OK
Thread-5 executed OK
Thread-6 executed OK
Thread-7 executed OK
Thread-8 executed OK
Thread-9 executed OK
Thread-10 executed OK