以太坊header.extra字段

 一开始看到header.extra这个可变长度字段很是惊喜和诧异，因为它是变长的，那矿工不是可以随意写数据到这个字段，万一矿工作恶加入一个很大的数据，那其他节点不得累死？解决这一疑惑的唯一方式------看代码

type Header struct {

    ...

    Extra [] byte `json:"extraData" gencodec:"required"`

    ...

}

Header.extra字段有长度限制

MaximumExtraDataSize uint64 = 32

func (ethash * Ethash) verifyHeader (chain consensus.ChainReader, header, parent * types.Header, uncle bool , seal bool ) error {

     // Ensure that the header's extra-data section is of a reasonable size

    if uint64(len(header.Extra)) > params.MaximumExtraDataSize {

         return fmt. Errorf ( "extra-data too long: %d > %d" , len (header.Extra), params.MaximumExtraDataSize)

    }

}

DAO分叉后extra被占用了，没法用作其他用途

func (self *worker) commitNewWork() {

    // If we are care about TheDAO hard-fork check whether to override the extra-data or not

    if daoBlock := self.config.DAOForkBlock; daoBlock != nil {

        // Check whether the block is among the fork extra-override range

        limit := new(big.Int).Add(daoBlock, params.DAOForkExtraRange)

        if header.Number.Cmp(daoBlock) >= 0 && header.Number.Cmp(limit) < 0 {

            // Depending whether we support or oppose the fork, override differently

            if self.config.DAOForkSupport {

                header.Extra = common.CopyBytes(params.DAOForkBlockExtra)

            } else if bytes.Equal(header.Extra, params.DAOForkBlockExtra) {

                header.Extra = []byte{} // If miner opposes, don't let it use the reserved extra-data

            }

        }

    }

}

unc VerifyDAOHeaderExtraData (config * params.ChainConfig, header * types.Header) error {

     // Short circuit validation if the node doesn't care about the DAO fork

     if config.DAOForkBlock == nil {

         return nil

    }

     // Make sure the block is within the fork's modified extra-data range

     limit := new ( big.Int ). Add (config.DAOForkBlock, params.DAOForkExtraRange)

     if header.Number. Cmp (config.DAOForkBlock) < 0 || header.Number. Cmp (limit) >= 0 {

         return nil

    }

     // Depending on whether we support or oppose the fork, validate the extra-data contents

    if config.DAOForkSupport {

        if !bytes.Equal(header.Extra, params.DAOForkBlockExtra) {

             return ErrBadProDAOExtra

        }

    } else {

         if bytes. Equal (header.Extra, params.DAOForkBlockExtra) {

             return ErrBadNoDAOExtra

        }

    }

     // All ok, header has the same extra-data we expect

     return nil

}

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