访问列表元素
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(bicycles[0])
输出结果:trek
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(bicycles[-1])
输出结果:specialized
- 通过元素索引即可访问列表数据
- 索引从0开始,-1表示最后一个元素,-2表示倒数第二个元素,以此类推
使用列表中的各个值
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
message = "My first bicycles was a " + bicycles[0].title() + "."
print(message)
输出结果:My first bicycles was a Trek .
- 字符串拼接通过 + 号连接
- title() 函数可以将字符串首字母变大写
修改列表元素
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
# 修改第一个元素为 fenghuangpai
bicycles[0] = 'fenghuangpai'
print(bicycles)
输出结果:['fenghuangpai','cannondale','redline','specialized']
- #是注释的开始
- 通过索引找到元素,然后赋新的值给该索引对应的元素即可修改
添加列表元素
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
# 在列表末尾添加 fenghuangpai 元素
bicycles.append('fenghuangpai')
print(bicycles)
输出结果:['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized','fenghuangpai']
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
# 在列表中添加 fenghuangpai 元素
bicycles.insert(1,'fenghuangpai')
print(bicycles)
输出结果:['trek','fenghuangpai','cannondale','redline','specialized']
- append() 函数在列表末尾添加元素
- insert() 函数可以通过索引去指定位置添加元素,注意数组越界
删除列表元素
# 使用 del 语句删除元素
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
del bicycles[0]
print(bicycles)
输出结果:['cannondale','redline','specialized']
# 使用pop()删除元素
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
poped_bicycles = bicycles.pop()
print(poped_bicycles)
输出结果:['trek','cannondale','redline']
# 弹出列表中任意位置的元素
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
poped_bicycles = bicycles.pop(1)
print(poped_bicycles)
输出结果:['trek','redline','specialized']
# 根据值删除元素
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
poped_bicycles = bicycles.remove('redline')
print(poped_bicycles)
输出结果:['trek','cannondale','specialized']
pop() 和 del 的区别
如果要从列表中删除一个元素且不再以任何方式使用它,就用del语句,如果你在删除元素后还要继续使用它,就使用pop()
列表排序
# 字母正序
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
bicycles.sort()
print(bicycles)
输出结果:['cannondale','redline',specialized','trek']
# 字母反序
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
bicycles.sort(reverse=True)
print(bicycles)
输出结果:['trek','specialized','redline','cannondale']
# 倒着打印
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
bicycles.reverse()
print(bicycles)
输出结果:['specialized','redline','cannondale','trek']
获取列表长度
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
len(bicycles)
输出结果:4