Android5.0系统下代码格式化sd卡方法

近期在忙一个硬件设备项目，项目背景下需要持续高频写入外置sd卡，由于过于碎片化操作sd卡，长时间会导致sd卡开启自我保护，无法继续使用。按厂商建议，需要格式化sd卡才能继续使用。

方案一

android系统本身未提供通用格式化sd卡的能力，经调研，需要将应用升级为系统应用，加入权限后，可以调用系统服务，格式化sd卡。

String path = "/storage/sdcard1";
for (StorageVolume storageVolume : service.getVolumeList()) {
    Method method = storageVolume.getClass().getMethod("getPath");
    if (path.equals((String)method.invoke(storageVolume))) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(ExternalStorageFormatter.FORMAT_ONLY);
        intent.setComponent(ExternalStorageFormatter.COMPONENT_NAME);
        intent.putExtra(StorageVolume.EXTRA_STORAGE_VOLUME, storageVolume);
        InsContext.getContext().startService(intent);
    }
}

方案二

但在调试中发现，由于硬件厂商对系统的定制化，以上方案在实现时，无法格式化指定sd卡sdcard1，一直默认格式化内部存储sdcard0。

在研读android源码后，可以仿照源码方案实现。同样需要系统应用级别和权限。

public static void formatSD() {
    Log.i(TAG, "进入格式化SD卡流程");
    final IMountService service = IMountService.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("mount"));
    if (service != null) {
        // 异步开始格式化 sd 卡
        ExecutorUtils.INSTANCE.post(() -> {
            try {
                Log.i(TAG, "格式化SD卡开始");
                android.os.storage.StorageManager storageManager = (android.os.storage.StorageManager) InsContext.getContext().getSystemService(Context.STORAGE_SERVICE);
                // sd卡状态变化监听，因为umount需要时间，只有等sd卡umount结束后才能格式化，否则会失败
                StorageEventListener storageEventListener = new StorageEventListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onStorageStateChanged(String path, String oldState, String newState) {
                        Log.i(TAG, "Received storage state changed notification that " +
                                path + " changed state from " + oldState + " to " + newState);
                        try {
                            formatSDProcess(service, storageManager);
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            // Intentionally blank - there's nothing we can do here
                            Log.w(TAG, "Unable to invoke IMountService.formatMedia()");
                            Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage());
                        }
                    }
                };
                // 先注册监听
                Method registerListener = storageManager.getClass().getMethod("registerListener", StorageEventListener.class);
                registerListener.invoke(storageManager, storageEventListener);
                formatSDProcess(service, storageManager);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // Intentionally blank - there's nothing we can do here
                Log.w(TAG, "Unable to invoke IMountService.formatMedia()");
                Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage());
            }
        });
    } else {
        Log.w(TAG, "Unable to locate IMountService");
    }
}

private static void formatSDProcess(IMountService service, android.os.storage.StorageManager storageManager) throws Exception {
    String path = com.poi.data.commonability.storage.StorageManager.Companion.getSdcardPath();
    Log.i(TAG, "格式化SD卡路径:" + path);
    Method getVolumeState = storageManager.getClass().getMethod("getVolumeState", String.class);
    String state = (String) getVolumeState.invoke(storageManager, path);
    if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(state) || Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.equals(state)) {
        Log.i(TAG, "unmountVolume:" + path);
        service.unmountVolume(path, true, true);
    } else {
        int ret = service.formatVolume(path);
        Log.i(TAG, "formatVolume 结果:" + ret);
        if (ret == 0) {
            // 格式化成功
            // TODO
        }
    }
}