Android5.x+ 格式化外部存储(u盘, sdcard)的方法

首先保证你的应用能够获取system权限：android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system"；

然后申请权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MASTER_CLEAR"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_FORMAT_FILESYSTEMS"/>

调用以下代码完成格式化：

public void diskFormat() {
    ComponentName formatter = new ComponentName("android", "com.android.internal.os.storage.ExternalStorageFormatter");
    Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.internal.os.storage.FORMAT_ONLY"); // ExternalStorageFormatter.FORMAT_ONLY
    intent.setComponent(formatter);
    Parcelable sv = getStoragePath(mContext);
    intent.putExtra("storage_volume", sv);  // StorageVolume.EXTRA_STORAGE_VOLUME
    mContext.startService(intent);
}

// 获取 StorageVolume 对象
private Parcelable getStoragePath(Context mContext) {
    StorageManager mStorageManager = (StorageManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.STORAGE_SERVICE);
    Class<?> storageVolumeClazz = null;
    try {
        storageVolumeClazz = Class.forName("android.os.storage.StorageVolume");
        Method getVolumeList = mStorageManager.getClass().getMethod("getVolumeList");
        Method getPath = storageVolumeClazz.getMethod("getPath");
        Method isRemovable = storageVolumeClazz.getMethod("isRemovable");
        Object result = getVolumeList.invoke(mStorageManager);
        final int length = Array.getLength(result);
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            Object storageVolumeElement = Array.get(result, i);
            String path = (String) getPath.invoke(storageVolumeElement);
            boolean removable = (Boolean) isRemovable.invoke(storageVolumeElement);
            if (removable && path.equals(mPreferUsbPath)) {
                return (Parcelable) storageVolumeElement;
            }
        }
    }  catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
}

mPreferUsbPath是你需要格式化的外部存储路径，按实际替换即可。

一般MountService会默认将外部存储格式化为 EXT3 文件系统格式，当然根据定制ROM配置文件的不同也可能为其他格式。