彻底告别BeanUtils.copyProperties (),MapStruct使用教程

Instanceztt

于 2023-11-03 10:06:29 发布

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文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Instanceztt/article/details/134196389

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一什么是MapStruct？

在开发中你可曾遇到如下这样的问题?MyBtatis从数据库中查询的数据映射到domain的实体类上，然后有时候需要将domain的实体类映射给前端的VO类，用于展示。如下所示，假如User是domain，而给前端展示的为UserVO。

@Test
    public void test001() {

        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1).setEmail("84519548@qq.com").setUserName("tang").setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18774149799");
        UserVo userVo = new UserVo();
        userVo.setId(userVo.getId());
        userVo.setEmail(userVo.getEmail());
    }

有没有什么优雅的解决方式呢？可能你的第一反应就是使用Spring的BeanUtils.copyProperties ()，但是BeanUtils.copyProperties ()只能转换类中字段名字一样且类型一样的字段。

由于BeanUtils.copyProperties ()采用的是反射，实际上当重复调用时效率是比较低的。（实际测试实际测试Spring的BeanUtils在生成次数为1000000时需要1.6秒，而使用MapStruct仅需要69毫秒）

idea也为我们提供了插件mapstruct suppor支持

在这里插入图片描述

二如何使用MapStruct

2.1 引入MapStruct依赖

    <properties>
        <lombok.version>1.18.12</lombok.version>
        <mapstruct.version>1.4.2.Final</mapstruct.version>
    </properties>
	<!--MapStruct相关依赖-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
		<artifactId>mapstruct</artifactId>
		<version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
		<artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
		<version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
		<scope>compile</scope>
	</dependency>
		
    <!--需要加上下面这个插件,不然会报错ClassNotFoundException-->
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- MapStruct 编译器插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <annotationProcessorPaths>
                        <path>
                            <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
                            <artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
                            <version>1.4.2.Final</version>
                        </path>
                    </annotationProcessorPaths>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

2.2 创建我们所需要的案例实体类

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class User {
    private Integer id ;//用户id
    private String userName;//用户名
    private String password; //密码
    private Date birthday;//生日
    private String tel;//电话号码
    private String email; //邮箱
    private String idCardNo;//身份证号
    private String icon; //头像
    private Integer gender;//性别
}

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class UserVo {
    private Long id ;//用户id
    private String userName;//用户名
    private String password; //密码
	// 与User对象不同的类型
    private String birthday;//生日
    //与User不同的名称
    private String telNumber;//电话号码
    private String email; //邮箱
    private String idCardNo;//身份证号
    private String icon; //头像
    private Integer gender;//性别
}

2.3 创建映射接口(目的:实现同名同类型属性、不同名称属性、不同类型属性的映射)

/**
 * unmappedTargetPolicy:
 * 目标属性不存在时的处理策略,可选值有:IGNORE默认值、WARN和ERROR。
 * IGNORE默认值:忽略未映射的源属性
 * WARN:任何未映射的源属性都将在生成时引起警告,基于javax.tools.Diagnostic.Kind.WARNING的警告。
 * ERROR:任何未映射的源属性都将导致映射代码生成失败。
 *
 */
@Mapper(unmappedTargetPolicy = ReportingPolicy.IGNORE)
public interface UserMapper {
    UserMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(UserMapper.class);

    @Mapping(source = "tel",target = "telNumber")
    @Mapping(source = "birthday",target = "birthday",dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd")
    UserVo convertToVo(User user);
}

2.4 案例演示

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/testController")
@Slf4j
public class TestController {

    @GetMapping("/mapStructToVo")
    public String mapStructToVo() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1).setEmail("84519548@qq.com").setUserName("tang").setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18774149799");
        UserVo userVo = UserMapper.INSTANCE.convertToVo(user);
        // {"birthday":"2023-10-07","email":"84519548@qq.com","id":1,"telNumber":"18774149799","userName":"tang"}
        System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(userVo));
        return JSON.toJSONString(userVo);
    }
}

三子集和映射

MapStruct对于对象中包含子对象也需要转换的情况也是有所支持的
有一个订单PO对象Order,嵌套有User和Product对象

@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class Order {
    private Long id;
    private String orderNo;//订单号
    private Date createTime;
    private String receiverAddress; //收货地址
    private User user;//订单所属的用户
    private List<Product> productList; //商品集合
}
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class Product {
    private Long id;
    private String productSn;
    private String name;
    private String subTitle;
    private String brandName;
    private BigDecimal price;
    private Integer count;//商品数量
    private Date createTime;
}

我们需要转换为OrderDo对象,OrderDo中包含UserVo和ProductVo两个子对象同样需要转换

@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class OrderVo {
    private Long id;
    private String orderNo; //订单号
    private Date createTime;
    private String receiverAddress; //收货地址
    //子对象映射Dto
    private UserVo userVo;//订单所属的用户
    //子对象数组映射Dto
    private List<ProductVo> productVoList; //商品集合
}

@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class ProductVo {
    //使用常量
    private Long id;
    //使用表达式生成属性
    private String productSn;
    private String name;
    private String subTitle;
    private String brandName;
    private BigDecimal price;
    //使用默认值
    private Integer number;//商品数量
    private Date createTime;
}

使用uses将子对象的转换Mapper注入进来,然后通过@Mapping设置好属性映射规则即可

@Mapper(uses = {UserMapper.class,ProductMapper.class})
public interface OrderMapper {
    OrderMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(OrderMapper.class);

    @Mapping(source = "user",target = "UserVo")
    @Mapping(source = "productList",target = "productVoList")
    OrderVo convertToVo(Order order);
}
@Mapper(imports = {UUID.class})
public interface ProductMapper {
    ProductMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(ProductMapper.class);

    @Mapping(target = "id",constant = "-1L")
    @Mapping(source = "count",target = "number",defaultValue = "1")
    @Mapping(target = "productSn",expression = "java(UUID.randomUUID().toString())")
    ProductVo convertToVo(Product product);
}

直接通过Mapper中的INSTANCE实例调用转换方法toDto

    @GetMapping("/mapStructToSubVo")
    public String  mapStructToSubVo() {
        //创建一个user对象
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1).setEmail("845195485@qq.com").setUserName("tang")
                .setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18774149799");
        //创建productList
        List<Product> productList = new ArrayList<>();
        productList.add(new Product().setCount(3).setName("test-nameA"));
        productList.add(new Product().setCount(7).setName("test-nameB"));
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setUser(user).setProductList(productList);
        OrderVo orderVo = OrderMapper.INSTANCE.convertToVo(order);
        // {"productVoList":[{"id":-1,"name":"test-nameA","number":3,"productSn":"d7cacdd0-4a13-46b1-a76b-fba7607d68ea"},{"id":-1,"name":"test-nameB","number":7,"productSn":"18f7c91e-c5f1-4bb6-8ae3-6e1e5847f03c"}],"userVo":{"birthday":"2023-10-12","email":"845195485@qq.com","id":1,"telNumber":"18774149799","userName":"tang"}}
        System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(orderVo));
        return JSON.toJSONString(orderVo);
    }

四合并映射

MapStruct支持把多个对象属性映射到一个对象中去
把User和Order的部分属性映射到UserOrderDto中去

@Data
public class UserOrderVo {
    private Long id ;//用户id
    private String userName;//用户名
    private String password; //密码
    //与PO类型不同的属性
    private String birthday;//生日
    //与PO名称不同的属性
    private String telNumber;//电话号码
    private String email;
    private String idCardNo;//身份证号
    private String icon; //头像
    private Integer gender;//性别
    private String orderNo; //订单号
    private String receiverAddress; //用户收货地址
}

在Mapper中添加toUserOrderVo方法,这里需要注意的是由于参数中具有两个属性,需要通过参数名称.属性的名称来指定source来防止冲突这两个参数中都有id属性

@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
    UserMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(UserMapper.class);

    @Mapping(source = "user.tel",target = "telNumber")
    @Mapping(source = "user.birthday",target = "birthday",dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd")
    @Mapping(source = "user.id",target = "id")
    @Mapping(source = "order.orderNo", target = "orderNo")
    @Mapping(source = "order.receiverAddress", target = "receiverAddress")
    UserOrderVo toUserOrderVo(User user, Order order); 
}

五 Spring依赖注入

想要使用依赖注入,我们只要将@Mapper注解的componentModel参数设置为spring即可,这样在生成接口实现类时,MapperStruct会为其添加@Component注解

@Mapper(componentModel = "spring")
public interface UserSpringMapper {


    @Mappings({
            @Mapping(source = "tel", target = "telNumber"),
            @Mapping(source = "birthday", target = "birthday", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd")
    })
    UserVo convertToVo(User user);
}

    @Autowired
    private UserSpringMapper userMapper;
    @GetMapping("/mapStructToVoSpring")
    public String mapStructToVoSpring() {
        User user = new User();
        // {"birthday":"2023-10-12","email":"845195485@qq.com","id":1,"telNumber":"18774149733","userName":"tang"}
        user.setId(1).setEmail("845195485@qq.com").setUserName("tang").setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18774149733");
        UserVo userVo = userMapper.convertToVo(user);
        System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(userVo));
        return JSON.toJSONString(userVo);
    }

六常量、默认值和表达式

使用MapStruct映射属性时,我们可以设置属性为常量或者默认值,也可以通过Java中的方法编写表达式来自动生成属性

@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class Product {
    private Long id;
    private String productSn;
    private String name;
    private String subTitle;
    private String brandName;
    private BigDecimal price;
    private Integer count;//商品数量
    private Date createTime;
}

Product转换为ProductVo对象,id属性设置为常量,count设置默认值为1,productSn设置为UUID生成

@Data
public class ProductVo {
    //使用常量
    private Long id;
    //使用表达式生成属性
    private String productSn;
    private String name;
    private String subTitle;
    private String brandName;
    private BigDecimal price;
    //使用默认值
    private Integer number;//商品数量
    private Date createTime;
}

创建ProductMapper接口,通过@Mapping注解中的constant、defaultValue、expression设置好映射规则

@Mapper(imports = {UUID.class})
public interface ProductMapper {
    ProductMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(ProductMapper.class);

    @Mapping(target = "id",constant = "-1L")  //给转换后的productVo的id字段设置为常量-1
    @Mapping(source = "count",target = "number",defaultValue = "1")
    @Mapping(target = "productSn",expression = "java(UUID.randomUUID().toString())")
    ProductVo convertToVo(Product product);
}

七自定义切面处理

MapStruct也支持在映射前后做一些自定义操作,类似Spring的AOP中的切面
此时我们需要创建自定义处理方法,创建一个抽象类ProductRoundMapper,通过@BeforeMapping注解自定义映射前操作,通过@AfterMapping注解自定义映射后操作

@Mapper(imports = {UUID.class},unmappedTargetPolicy = ReportingPolicy.IGNORE)
public abstract class ProductRoundMapper {
    public static ProductRoundMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(ProductRoundMapper.class);

    @Mappings({
            @Mapping(target = "id",constant = "-1L"),
            @Mapping(source = "count",target = "number",defaultValue = "1"),
            @Mapping(target = "productSn",expression = "java(UUID.randomUUID().toString())")
    })
    public abstract ProductVo convertToVo(Product product);

    @BeforeMapping
    public void beforeMapping(Product product){
        //映射前当price<0时设置为0
        if(product.getPrice().compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO)<0){
            product.setPrice(BigDecimal.ZERO);
        }
    }

    @AfterMapping
    public void afterMapping(@MappingTarget ProductVo productVo){
        //映射后设置当前时间为createTime
        productVo.setCreateTime(new Date());
    }
}

如果需要将一个List转为另外一个List,可以使用这种方式

 result  = xxxList.stream()
                    .map(XXX.INSTANCE::convertNew).collect(Collectors.toList());

Instanceztt

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彻底告别BeanUtils.copyProperties (),MapStruct使用教程

MapStruct也支持在映射前后做一些自定义操作,类似Spring的AOP中的切面此时我们需要创建自定义处理方法,创建一个抽象类ProductRoundMapper,通过@BeforeMapping注解自定义映射前操作,通过@AfterMapping注解自定义映射后操作})//映射前当price
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