【leetcode】8. String to Integer (atoi)

1.Description

Implement atoi which converts a string to an integer.

The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.

The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.

If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.

If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned.

Note:

• Only the space character ' ' is considered as whitespace character.
• Assume we are dealing with an environment which could only store integers within the 32-bit signed integer range: [−231,  231 − 1]. If the numerical value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (231 − 1) or INT_MIN (−231) is returned.

Example 1:

Input: "42"
Output: 42

Example 2:

Input: "   -42"
Output: -42
Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is '-', which is the minus sign.
             Then take as many numerical digits as possible, which gets 42.

Example 3:

Input: "4193 with words"
Output: 4193
Explanation: Conversion stops at digit '3' as the next character is not a numerical digit.

Example 4:

Input: "words and 987"
Output: 0
Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is 'w', which is not a numerical 
             digit or a +/- sign. Therefore no valid conversion could be performed.

Example 5:

Input: "-91283472332"
Output: -2147483648
Explanation: The number "-91283472332" is out of the range of a 32-bit signed integer.
             Thefore INT_MIN (−231) is returned.

2.Analysis

根据题意需要注意几点，忽略一开始的空白字符直到找到第一个字符，第一个字符如果不是数字的话只能是负号，正号。

从这之后开始找数字，直到遇到一个非数字字符。

注意负号和正号不能和数字之间有空白字符。

以及要设定INT_MIN和INT_MAX的值，判断是否溢出。

3.Code

import string
class Solution:
    def myAtoi(self, str):
        """
        :type str: str
        :rtype: int
        """
        if str=="" or str.isspace():
        	return 0

        negative=False
        num=0
        int_min= (-1) * (2 ** 31)
        int_max=2 ** 31 - 1

        s=str.split()
        for text in s:
        	
        	start=0
        	ans=''
        	if text[0]=='-' or text[0] == '+':
        		if text[0]=='-':
        			negative=True
        		start=1
        	for char in text[start:]:
        		if char in string.digits:
        			ans+=char
        		else:
        			break
        	if ans:
        		num=int(ans)
        		break
        	else:
        		return 0

        if negative:
        	num*=(-1)
        if num < int_min:
        	return int_min
        if num > int_max:
        	return int_max
                
        return num