Tomcat日志详解

Tomcat内部日志默认使用JULI，即Apache Commons Logging一个重命名分支，后者实际为java.util.logging框架。因为JDK提供java.util.logging默认实现有太多束缚导致功能不丰富，比如关键的限制是不能对每个web应用程序进行日志记录，因为配置是针对每个vm的。因此，在默认配置中，tomcat将用一个名为JULI的容器友好实现替换默认的logmanager实现，该实现解决了这些缺点。

在Tomcat根目录conf文件夹下会有一个logging.properties文件$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties，主要负责输出tomcat自身的日志文件。该文件是一个全局配置文件，在Tomcat启动脚本里面catalina.sh指定了配置：

如果该文件没有配置，则会尝试使用${java.home}/lib/logging.properties file in the JRE。

.level= INFO

############################################################
# Handler specific properties.
# Describes specific configuration info for Handlers.
############################################################

# default file output is in user's home directory.
java.util.logging.FileHandler.pattern = %h/java%u.log
java.util.logging.FileHandler.limit = 50000
java.util.logging.FileHandler.count = 1
java.util.logging.FileHandler.formatter = java.util.logging.XMLFormatter

# Limit the message that are printed on the console to INFO and above.
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level = INFO
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.formatter = java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter

# Example to customize the SimpleFormatter output format 
# to print one-line log message like this:
#     <level>: <log message> [<date/time>]
#
# java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter.format=%4$s: %5$s [%1$tc]%n

############################################################
# Facility specific properties.
# Provides extra control for each logger.
############################################################

# For example, set the com.xyz.foo logger to only log SEVERE
# messages:
com.xyz.foo.level = SEVERE

在web应用程序中，项目将会使用WEB-INF/classes/logging.properties日志配置文件。

Tomcat运行在Unix系统上时，console里面的日志信息会默认写到catalina.out文件中(可以指定文件)。

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【1】logging.properties

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler, 2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler, 3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler, 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler

.handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler

############################################################
# Handler specific properties.
# Describes specific configuration info for Handlers.
############################################################

1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = FINE
1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix = catalina.

2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = FINE
2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix = localhost.

3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = FINE
3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix = manager.

4host-manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = FINE
4host-manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
4host-manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix = host-manager.

java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level = FINE
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.formatter = java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter


############################################################
# Facility specific properties.
# Provides extra control for each logger.
############################################################

org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].level = INFO
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].handlers = 2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler

org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/manager].level = INFO
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/manager].handlers = 3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler

org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/host-manager].level = INFO
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/host-manager].handlers = 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler

# For example, set the org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase logger to log
# each component that extends LifecycleBase changing state:
#org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.level = FINE

# To see debug messages in TldLocationsCache, uncomment the following line:
#org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache.level = FINE

可以看到，tomcat自身的日志都生成在了./logs/文件夹内。

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【2】Tomcat默认使用JULI日志系统，其日志信息分为两类

·
① 运行中的日志，它主要记录运行的一些信息，尤其是一些异常错误日志信息 。

② 访问日志信息，它记录的访问的时间，IP ，访问的资料等相关信息。

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【3】Catalina引擎的日志文件，文件名catalina.日期.log

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【4】Tomcat下内部代码抛出的日志，文件名localhost.日期.log

jsp页面内部错误的异常，org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service类抛出的，日志信息就在该文件！

另外，如果项目启动不正常，比如抛出了如下异常，也不妨来这里查看一下。

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Illegal access: this web application instance has been 
stopped already. Could not load []. The following stack trace is thrown for debugging 
purposes as well as to attempt to terminate the thread which caused the illegal access.

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【5】Tomcat下默认manager(host-manager)应用日志

至于manager应用和host-manager应用作用是什么，请查看官方文档

控制台输出的日志，Linux下默认重定向到catalina.out。

以上属于第一种–运行日志。

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【6】Access日志

默认 tomcat 不记录访问日志，如下方法可以使 tomcat 记录访问日志

编辑 ${catalina}/conf/server.xml 文件;注 :${catalina} 是 tomcat 的安装目录

在${catalina}/conf/server.xml文件中可以看到访问日志配置：

 <!-- Access log processes all example.
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" 
directory="logs" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" 
prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"/>

访问日志如下图：

日志内容如下图所示：

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【7】日志类型与级别

Tomcat 日志分为下面５类：

catalina 、 localhost 、 manager 、 localhost_access、 host-manager

每类日志的级别分为如下 7 种：

SEVERE (highest value) > WARNING > INFO > CONFIG > FINE > FINER > 
FINEST (lowest value)

日志级别的设定方法

修改 conf/logging.properties 中的内容，设定某类日志的级别

示例：

设置 catalina 日志的级别为： FINE

catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = FINE

禁用 catalina 日志的输出：

catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = OFF

输出 catalina 所有的日志消息均输出：

catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = ALL