selenium笔记（三）--元素定位

元素定位

• Demo以腾讯视频官网为例：https://v.qq.com/
• id、name
  • driver.find_element(By.ID, "keywords")
  • driver.find_element(By.NAME, "q")
• xpath ：一种定位语言（XML Path Language），用来对XML上的元素进行定位，同时也适用于HTML
  • driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='keywords']")
  • driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//*[@id="keywords" and @name="q"]')
  • driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//*[@id="searchForm"]/div[@class="search_keywords"]/input[@id="keywords"]')
  • 表达式：官网https://www.w3school.com.cn/xpath/xpath_syntax.asp
  • 检查表达式：Chrome->Console输入 $x("xpath表达式")
• css_selector：
  • driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#keywords')
  • driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".search_btn")
  • 表达式：官网https://www.w3school.com.cn/cssref/css_selectors.asp
  • 检查表达式：Chrome->Console输入 $("css_selector表达式")
• link
  • driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "海外剧")
  • driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "大家")
• tag_name
  • driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "input")
• class_name
  • driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "search_btn")
• 使用优先级
  • id、name > css_selector > xpath > link > class_name > tag_name

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestFindElement:
    def setup(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.get("https://v.qq.com/")

    def teardown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    def test_find_element_id(self):
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "keywords").send_keys("高考")

    def test_find_element_name(self):
        self.driver.find_element(By.NAME, "q").send_keys("高考")

    def test_find_element_xpath(self):
        # self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='keywords']").send_keys("高考")
        # self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//*[@id="searchForm"]/div[@class="search_keywords"]/input[
        # @id="keywords"]').send_keys("高考")
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//*[@id="keywords" and @name="q"]').send_keys("高考")

    def test_find_element_css_selector(self):
        self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#keywords').send_keys("2012")
        self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".search_btn").click()

    def test_find_element_class(self):
        self.driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "search_btn").click()

    def test_find_element_tag_name(self):
        self.driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "input").send_keys("你好")

    def test_find_element_link(self):
        # self.driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "海外剧").click()
        self.driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "大家").click()