d ↵
d第一节 Servlet
1. Servlet 概念
Servlet 是在服务器上运行的能够对客户端请求进行处理，并返回处理结果的程序
2. Servlet 体系结构
2.1 Servlet 接口
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#aa5500">//Servlet对象的初始化，Servlet 对象初始化后才能处理请求，由 Servlet 容器调用</span>
<span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">init</span>(<span style="color:#000000">ServletConfig</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span>;
<span style="color:#aa5500">//获取Servlet配置信息</span>
<span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletConfig</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getServletConfig</span>();
<span style="color:#aa5500">//处理客户端的请求，由 Servlet 容器调用</span>
<span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">service</span>(<span style="color:#000000">ServletRequest</span> <span style="color:#000000">req</span>, <span style="color:#000000">ServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">res</span>)
<span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span>, <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>;
<span style="color:#aa5500">//返回有关 Servlet 的信息，比如作者、版本和版权</span>
<span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getServletInfo</span>();
<span style="color:#aa5500">//销毁Servlet，由 Servlet 容器调用</span>
<span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">destroy</span>();</span></span>2.2 ServletConfig 接口
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#aa5500">//获取Servlet的实例名称</span>
<span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getServletName</span>();
<span style="color:#aa5500">//返回正在执行的Servlet所在的上下文对象</span>
<span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletContext</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getServletContext</span>();
<span style="color:#aa5500">//获取Servlet中给定名称的初始化参数</span>
<span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getInitParameter</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">name</span>);
<span style="color:#aa5500">//获取Servlet中所有的初始化参数</span>
<span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getInitParameterNames</span>();</span></span>2.3 Servlet 案例
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编写Servlet
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#770088">package</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">com</span>.<span style="color:#000000">qf</span>.<span style="color:#000000">jsp</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#981a1a">*</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">java</span>.<span style="color:#000000">io</span>.<span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">java</span>.<span style="color:#000000">util</span>.<span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span>; <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#770088">class</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">LoginServlet</span> <span style="color:#770088">implements</span> <span style="color:#000000">Servlet</span> { <span style="color:#770088">private</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletConfig</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletConfig</span>; <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">init</span>(<span style="color:#000000">ServletConfig</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span> { <span style="color:#770088">this</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servletConfig</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>; <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getServletName</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"Servlet 实例的名称："</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletName</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//获取Servlet中所有的初始化参数</span> <span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterNames</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getInitParameterNames</span>(); <span style="color:#770088">while</span> (<span style="color:#000000">initParameterNames</span>.<span style="color:#000000">hasMoreElements</span>()) { <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterNames</span>.<span style="color:#000000">nextElement</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//获取Servlet中给定名称的初始化参数</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterValue</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getInitParameter</span>(<span style="color:#000000">initParameterName</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"Servlet 初始化参数 "</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">":"</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterValue</span>); } } <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletConfig</span> <span style="color:#000000">getServletConfig</span>() { <span style="color:#770088">return</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletConfig</span>; } <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">service</span>(<span style="color:#000000">ServletRequest</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletRequest</span>, <span style="color:#000000">ServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletResponse</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span>, <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span> { <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"Servlet 处理请求"</span>); } <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">getServletInfo</span>() { <span style="color:#770088">return</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">"Login Servlet"</span>; } <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">destroy</span>() { <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"Servlet 销毁"</span>); } }</span> -
配置 web.xml
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#555555"><?xml</span> <span style="color:#555555">version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">web-app</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">xmlns</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">xmlns:xsi</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">xsi:schemaLocation</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">version</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"4.0"</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">display-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>ServletApp<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">display-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#aa5500"><!--Servlet 实例配置--></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#aa5500"><!-- Servlet 实例的名称--></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>loginServlet<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#aa5500"><!--Servlet 的类型--></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-class</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>com.qf.jsp.servlet.LoginServlet<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-class</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">init-param</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#aa5500"><!--初始化参数的名称--></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">param-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>characterEncoding<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">param-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#aa5500"><!--初始化参数的值--></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">param-value</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>UTF-8<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">param-value</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">init-param</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#aa5500"><!--Servlet 实例与请求地址的映射配置--></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-mapping</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#aa5500"><!-- Servlet 实例的名称--></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>loginServlet<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#aa5500"><!-- Servlet 匹配的请求地址--></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">url-pattern</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>/login<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">url-pattern</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-mapping</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#aa5500"><!--session 配置--></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">session-config</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#aa5500"><!--超时时间配置--></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">session-timeout</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>30<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">session-timeout</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">session-config</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">web-app</span><span style="color:#117700">></span></span> -
获取初始化参数信息
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">init</span>(<span style="color:#000000">ServletConfig</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span> { <span style="color:#770088">this</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servletConfig</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>; <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getServletName</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"Servlet 实例的名称："</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletName</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//获取Servlet中所有的初始化参数</span> <span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterNames</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getInitParameterNames</span>(); <span style="color:#770088">while</span> (<span style="color:#000000">initParameterNames</span>.<span style="color:#000000">hasMoreElements</span>()){ <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterNames</span>.<span style="color:#000000">nextElement</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//获取Servlet中给定名称的初始化参数</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterValue</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getInitParameter</span>(<span style="color:#000000">initParameterName</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"Servlet 初始化参数 "</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">":"</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterValue</span>); } }</span> -
编写 index.jsp
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><%<span style="color:#555555">@</span> <span style="color:#000000">page</span> <span style="color:#000000">contentType</span><span style="color:#981a1a">=</span><span style="color:#aa1111">"text/html;charset=UTF-8"</span> <span style="color:#000000">language</span><span style="color:#981a1a">=</span><span style="color:#aa1111">"java"</span> %> <span style="color:#555555"><!DOCTYPE HTML></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">html</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">head</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">title</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>登录页面<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">title</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">head</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">body</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">form</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">action</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"login"</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">method</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"post"</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">div</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">input</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">type</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"text"</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">name</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"username"</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">div</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">div</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">input</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">type</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"password"</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">name</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"password"</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">div</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">div</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">input</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">type</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"submit"</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">value</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"登录"</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">div</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">form</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">body</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">html</span><span style="color:#117700">></span></span> -
启动服务器，进行登录操作，查看控制台信息
控制台打印信息中并没有打印 "Servlet 销毁" 信息，由此可以得出：Servlet 处理完了请求后，并没有销毁。
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关闭服务器，查看控制台信息
由此可以得出：在 Tomcat 关闭之前，Servlet 被销毁
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结论
Servlet 在第一次接收请求时，由容器（如 Tomcat）创建实例，紧接着就由容器调用该 Servlet 的
init方法完成初始化，然后由容器调用该 Servlet 的service方法进行请求处理，请求处理完成后，Servlet 并不会消亡， 而是跟随容器共存亡，在容器关闭之前，由容器调用 Servlet 的destroy方法进行销毁 -
JSP 本质
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#770088">package</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">org</span>.<span style="color:#000000">apache</span>.<span style="color:#000000">jsp</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#981a1a">*</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">http</span>.<span style="color:#981a1a">*</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">jsp</span>.<span style="color:#981a1a">*</span>; <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#770088">final</span> <span style="color:#770088">class</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">index_jsp</span> <span style="color:#770088">extends</span> <span style="color:#000000">org</span>.<span style="color:#000000">apache</span>.<span style="color:#000000">jasper</span>.<span style="color:#000000">runtime</span>.<span style="color:#000000">HttpJspBase</span> <span style="color:#770088">implements</span> <span style="color:#000000">org</span>.<span style="color:#000000">apache</span>.<span style="color:#000000">jasper</span>.<span style="color:#000000">runtime</span>.<span style="color:#000000">JspSourceDependent</span>, <span style="color:#000000">org</span>.<span style="color:#000000">apache</span>.<span style="color:#000000">jasper</span>.<span style="color:#000000">runtime</span>.<span style="color:#000000">JspSourceImports</span> { }</span>
由此可以得出：JSP 的本质就是Servlet，只是 JSP 注重的是页面内容的展示，而Servlet注重的是业务逻辑的处理。
3. 请求处理与响应
3.1 体系结构
3.2 请求接口
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ServletRequest 接口常用方法
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取给定属性名对应的属性值</span> <span style="color:#008855">Object</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getAttribute</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeName</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//将给定的属性值以给定的属性名存储在请求中</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">setAttribute</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeName</span>, <span style="color:#008855">Object</span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeVaue</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中将给定的属性名移除</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">removeAttribute</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeName</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//获取请求中存储的所有属性名</span> <span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getAttributeNames</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取给定参数名对应的参数值（参数值是单个数据）</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getParameter</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">parameterName</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取给定参数名对应的参数值（参数值是多个数据）</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span>[] <span style="color:#0000ff">getParameterValues</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">parameterName</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取所有的参数名</span> <span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getParameterNames</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取所有的参数名和参数值形成的映射</span> <span style="color:#000000">Map</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span>, <span style="color:#008855">String</span>[]<span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getParameterMap</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取字符集编码</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getCharacterEncoding</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//设置请求的字符集编码</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">setCharacterEncoding</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">charset</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">UnsupportedEncodingException</span>; <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取字符流，该字符流只能读取请求体中的数据信息，与下面的 getInputStream 方法只能二选一</span> <span style="color:#000000">BufferedReader</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getReader</span>() <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>; <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取字节流，该字节流只能读取请求体中的数据信息</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletInputStream</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getInputStream</span>() <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>; <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取当前Servlet所在的上下文对象</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletContext</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getServletContext</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取请求转发的对象</span> <span style="color:#000000">RequestDispatcher</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getRequestDispatcher</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">path</span>);</span> -
用法
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">service</span>(<span style="color:#000000">ServletRequest</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletRequest</span>, <span style="color:#000000">ServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletResponse</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span>, <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span> { <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"请求的字符集编码需要在读取请求信息之前进行设置，否则，设置的字符集编码格式将不生效"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"请求字符集编码："</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletRequest</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getCharacterEncoding</span>()); <span style="color:#000000">servletRequest</span>.<span style="color:#000000">setCharacterEncoding</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"UTF-8"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"请求字符集编码："</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletRequest</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getCharacterEncoding</span>()); <span style="color:#000000">BufferedReader</span> <span style="color:#000000">reader</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletRequest</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getReader</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"开始读取请求参数信息"</span>); <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">line</span>; <span style="color:#770088">while</span> ((<span style="color:#000000">line</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">reader</span>.<span style="color:#000000">readLine</span>()) <span style="color:#981a1a">!=</span> <span style="color:#221199">null</span>){ <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#000000">line</span>); } <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"请求参数信息读取完毕"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"================"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"开始获取请求中存储的数据"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeNames</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletRequest</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getAttributeNames</span>(); <span style="color:#770088">while</span> (<span style="color:#000000">attributeNames</span>.<span style="color:#000000">hasMoreElements</span>()){ <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeNames</span>.<span style="color:#000000">nextElement</span>(); <span style="color:#008855">Object</span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeValue</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletRequest</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getAttribute</span>(<span style="color:#000000">attributeName</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#000000">attributeName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">" => "</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeValue</span>); } <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"请求中存储的数据获取完毕"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"================"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"方式一：开始获取请求参数信息"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#000000">parameterNames</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletRequest</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getParameterNames</span>(); <span style="color:#770088">while</span> (<span style="color:#000000">parameterNames</span>.<span style="color:#000000">hasMoreElements</span>()){ <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">parameterName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">parameterNames</span>.<span style="color:#000000">nextElement</span>(); <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">parameterValue</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletRequest</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getParameter</span>(<span style="color:#000000">parameterName</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#000000">parameterName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">" => "</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">parameterValue</span>); } <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"方式一：请求参数信息获取完毕"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"================"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"方式二：开始获取请求参数信息"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">Map</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span>, <span style="color:#008855">String</span>[]<span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#000000">parameterMap</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletRequest</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getParameterMap</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">parameterMap</span>.<span style="color:#000000">forEach</span>((<span style="color:#000000">k</span>, <span style="color:#000000">values</span>) <span style="color:#981a1a">-></span> <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#000000">k</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">" => "</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">Arrays</span>.<span style="color:#000000">toString</span>(<span style="color:#000000">values</span>))); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"方式二：请求参数信息获取完毕"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"请求所使用的上下文路径："</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletRequest</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getServletContext</span>().<span style="color:#000000">getContextPath</span>()); }</span> -
POST请求测试
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GET 请求测试
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结论
使用GET方式发送的请求，只能通过getParameter 方法获取；使用POST方式发送的请求，只能使用流来获取。这是因为使用GET方式发送的请求，参数在URL地址中，解析这些参数的时候将其存放在一个Map集合中，因此可以直接获取。而POS方式发送的请求，参数在请求体中，这部分内容只能通过流来读取，然后再进行处理。
3.3 响应接口
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ServletResponse 接口常用方法
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#aa5500">//获取响应的字符集编码</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getCharacterEncoding</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//设置响应的字符集编码</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">setCharacterEncoding</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">charset</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//获取响应的内容类型</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getContentType</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//设置响应的内容类型</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">setContentType</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">contentType</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//获取输出流，主要用于下载文件</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletOutputStream</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getOutputStream</span>() <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>; <span style="color:#aa5500">//获取打印流，主要用于向页面传输信息</span> <span style="color:#000000">PrintWriter</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getWriter</span>() <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>;</span> -
用法（在 service 方法最后追加如下代码）
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"==========================================="</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"响应的字符集编码："</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletResponse</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getCharacterEncoding</span>()); <span style="color:#000000">servletResponse</span>.<span style="color:#000000">setCharacterEncoding</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"UTF-8"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"响应的字符集编码："</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletResponse</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getCharacterEncoding</span>()); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"响应的内容类型："</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletResponse</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getContentType</span>()); <span style="color:#000000">servletResponse</span>.<span style="color:#000000">setContentType</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"text/html;charset=utf-8"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"响应的内容类型："</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletResponse</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getContentType</span>()); <span style="color:#000000">PrintWriter</span> <span style="color:#000000">writer</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletResponse</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getWriter</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">writer</span>.<span style="color:#000000">print</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"登录请求已处理"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">writer</span>.<span style="color:#000000">flush</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">writer</span>.<span style="color:#000000">close</span>();</span> -
测试
3.4 HTTP 请求和响应
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HttpServletRequest 接口常用方法
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取Cookie信息</span> <span style="color:#000000">Cookie</span>[] <span style="color:#0000ff">getCookies</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取给定请求头名称对应的属性值</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getHeader</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">headerName</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取所有的请求头名称</span> <span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getHeaderNames</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//获取请求的方式：GET、POST、PUT、DELETE等</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getMethod</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取上下文路径</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getContextPath</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//从请求中获取session</span> <span style="color:#000000">HttpSession</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getSession</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//获取请求地址</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getRequestURI</span>();</span> -
HttpServletResponse 接口常用方法
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#aa5500">//添加客户端存储的Cookie信息</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">addCookie</span>(<span style="color:#000000">Cookie</span> <span style="color:#000000">cookie</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//返回错误状态及错误信息</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">sendError</span>(<span style="color:#008855">int</span> <span style="color:#000000">status</span>, <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">errorMsg</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>; <span style="color:#aa5500">//返回错误状态</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">sendError</span>(<span style="color:#008855">int</span> <span style="color:#000000">status</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>; <span style="color:#aa5500">//重定向至新的资源</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">sendRedirect</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">redirectURL</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>; <span style="color:#aa5500">//设置响应头信息</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">setHeader</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">headerName</span>, <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">headerValue</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//添加响应头信息</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">addHeader</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">headerName</span>, <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">headerValue</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//设置响应状态</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">setStatus</span>(<span style="color:#008855">int</span> <span style="color:#000000">status</span>);</span> -
HttpServlet常用方法（支持 HTTP 协议的 Servlet）
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#aa5500">//对父类抽象方法的实现，该方法是对HTTP协议的交互信息的实现，调用的是下面的 service 方法</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">service</span>(<span style="color:#000000">ServletRequest</span> <span style="color:#000000">req</span>,<span style="color:#000000">ServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">res</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//HTTP协议的交互信息的实现，该方法主要针对不同的请求方式进行处理。GET请求会调用 doGet 方法处理，</span> <span style="color:#aa5500">//POST请求会调用 doPost 处理， PUT请求会调用 doPut 方法处理， DELETE请求会调用 doDelete 方法处理 </span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">service</span>(<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletRequest</span> <span style="color:#000000">req</span>, <span style="color:#000000">HttpServletResponseres</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//GET请求处理</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">doGet</span>(<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletRequestreq</span>,<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">res</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//POST请求处理</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">doPost</span>(<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletRequestreq</span>,<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">res</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//PUT请求处理</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">doPut</span>(<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletRequestreq</span>,<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">res</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//DELETE请求处理</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">doDelete</span>(<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletRequestreq</span>,<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">res</span>);</span> -
用法
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">http</span>.<span style="color:#000000">HttpServlet</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">http</span>.<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletRequest</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">http</span>.<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletResponse</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">java</span>.<span style="color:#000000">io</span>.<span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">java</span>.<span style="color:#000000">io</span>.<span style="color:#000000">PrintWriter</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">java</span>.<span style="color:#000000">util</span>.<span style="color:#000000">Arrays</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">java</span>.<span style="color:#000000">util</span>.<span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">java</span>.<span style="color:#000000">util</span>.<span style="color:#000000">Map</span>; <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#770088">class</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">RegisterServlet</span> <span style="color:#770088">extends</span> <span style="color:#000000">HttpServlet</span> { <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">protected</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">doPost</span>(<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletRequest</span> <span style="color:#000000">req</span>, <span style="color:#000000">HttpServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">resp</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span>, <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span> { <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"开始获取请求头信息"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#000000">headerNames</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">req</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getHeaderNames</span>(); <span style="color:#770088">while</span> (<span style="color:#000000">headerNames</span>.<span style="color:#000000">hasMoreElements</span>()){ <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">headerName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">headerNames</span>.<span style="color:#000000">nextElement</span>(); <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">headerValue</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">req</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getHeader</span>(<span style="color:#000000">headerName</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#000000">headerName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">" => "</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">headerValue</span>); } <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"请求头信息获取完毕"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"请求方式："</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">req</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getMethod</span>()); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"请求地址："</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">req</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getRequestURI</span>()); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"请求的上下文路径："</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">req</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getContextPath</span>()); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"=================="</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"开始读取请求参数"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">Map</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span>, <span style="color:#008855">String</span>[]<span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#000000">parameterMap</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">req</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getParameterMap</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">parameterMap</span>.<span style="color:#000000">forEach</span>((<span style="color:#000000">k</span>, <span style="color:#000000">values</span>) <span style="color:#981a1a">-></span> <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#000000">k</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">"=>"</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">Arrays</span>.<span style="color:#000000">toString</span>(<span style="color:#000000">values</span>))); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"请求参数读取完毕"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"========================="</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"响应开始"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">resp</span>.<span style="color:#000000">setContentType</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"text/html;charset=utf-8"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">PrintWriter</span> <span style="color:#000000">writer</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">resp</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getWriter</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">writer</span>.<span style="color:#000000">print</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"注册请求已经处理"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">writer</span>.<span style="color:#000000">flush</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">writer</span>.<span style="color:#000000">close</span>(); } }</span><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#aa5500"><!-- register.jsp --></span> <%<span style="color:#555555">@</span> <span style="color:#000000">page</span> <span style="color:#000000">contentType</span><span style="color:#981a1a">=</span><span style="color:#aa1111">"text/html;charset=UTF-8"</span> <span style="color:#000000">language</span><span style="color:#981a1a">=</span><span style="color:#aa1111">"java"</span> %> <span style="color:#555555"><!DOCTYPE HTML></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">html</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">head</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">title</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>注册页面<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">title</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">head</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">body</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">form</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">action</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"createUser"</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">method</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"post"</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">div</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">input</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">type</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"text"</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">name</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"username"</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">div</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">div</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">input</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">type</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"password"</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">name</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"password"</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">div</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">div</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">input</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">type</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"submit"</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">value</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"注册"</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">div</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">form</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">body</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">html</span><span style="color:#117700">></span></span><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#aa5500"><!-- web.xml 中添加如下配置 --></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>registerServlet<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-class</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>com.qf.jsp.servlet.RegisterServlet<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-class</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-mapping</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>registerServlet<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">url-pattern</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>/createUser<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">url-pattern</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-mapping</span><span style="color:#117700">></span></span> -
测试
查看控制台信息
3.5 Servlet 交互流程
4. ServletContext
4.1 常用方法
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#aa5500">//获取上下文路径</span>
<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getContextPath</span>();
<span style="color:#aa5500">//获取给定相对路径对应的绝对路径</span>
<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getRealPath</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">path</span>);
<span style="color:#aa5500">//获取上下文初始化参数中给定参数名对应的参数值</span>
<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getInitParameter</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">parameterName</span>);
<span style="color:#aa5500">//获取上下文初始化参数中所有的参数名</span>
<span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getInitParameterNames</span>();
<span style="color:#aa5500">//获取上下文存储的数据中给定属性名对应的属性值</span>
<span style="color:#008855">Object</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getAttribute</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeName</span>);
<span style="color:#aa5500">//获取上下文存储的数据中所有的属性名</span>
<span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getAttributeNames</span>();
<span style="color:#aa5500">//将给定的属性值使用给定的属性名存储在上下文中</span>
<span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">setAttribute</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeName</span>, <span style="color:#008855">Object</span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeValue</span>);
<span style="color:#aa5500">//从上下文存储的数据中将给定的属性名移出</span>
<span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">removeAttribute</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">attributeName</span>);</span></span>4.2 用法
-
配置 web.xml
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">context-param</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">param-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>characterEncoding<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">param-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">param-value</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>UFT-8<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">param-value</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">context-param</span><span style="color:#117700">></span></span> -
修改 RegisterServlet
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">init</span>(<span style="color:#000000">ServletConfig</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span> { <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"开始读取上下文参数信息"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">ServletContext</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletConte</span> <span style="color:#000000">xt</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getServletContext</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterNames</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletContext</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getInitParameterNames</span>(); <span style="color:#770088">while</span> (<span style="color:#000000">initParameterNames</span>.<span style="color:#000000">hasMoreElements</span>()){ <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterNames</span>.<span style="color:#000000">nextElement</span>(); <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterValue</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">servletContext</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getInitParameter</span>(<span style="color:#000000">initParameterName</span>); <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>( <span style="color:#000000">initParameterName</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">" => "</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">initParameterValue</span>); } }</span> -
测试
查看控制台信息
第二节 MVC
1. 什么是 MVC
模型-视图-控制器（MVC模式）是一种非常经典的软件架构模式，在UI框架和UI设计思路中扮演着非常重要的角色。从设计模式的角度来看，MVC模式是一种复合模式，它将多个设计模式在一种解决方案中结合起来，用来解决许多设计问题。MVC模式把用户界面交互分拆到不同的三种角色中，使应用程序被分成三个核心部件：Model（模型）、View（视图）、Control（控制器）
-
模型：模型持有所有的数据、状态和程序逻辑。模型独立于视图和控制器。
-
视图：用来呈现模型。视图通常直接从模型中取得它需要显示的状态与数据。对于相同的信息可以有多个不同的显示形式或视图。
-
控制器：位于视图和模型中间，负责接受用户的输入，将输入进行解析并反馈给模型
MVC模式将它们分离以提高系统的灵活性和复用性，不使用MVC模式，用户界面设计往往将这些对象混在一起。MVC模式实现了模型和视图的分离，使得其具有以下优点：
-
一个模型提供不同的多个视图表现形式，也能够为一个模型创建新的视图而无须重写模型。一旦模型的数据发生变化，模型将通知有关的视图，每个视图相应地刷新自己。
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模型可复用。因为模型是独立于视图的，所以可以把一个模型独立地移植到新的平台工作。
-
提高开发效率。在开发界面显示部分时，仅仅需要考虑的是如何布局一个好的用户界面；开发模型时，仅仅要考虑的是业务逻辑和数据维护，这样能使开发者专注于某一方面的开发，提高开发效率。
2. JSP 中的 MVC
在 JSP 中 Servlet 扮演的是控制器， JSP 页面扮演的是视图，Java Bean 扮演的是模型。
案例： 将用户信息呈现在页面上
-
编写视图 user.jsp
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><%<span style="color:#555555">@</span> <span style="color:#000000">page</span> <span style="color:#000000">contentType</span><span style="color:#981a1a">=</span><span style="color:#aa1111">"text/html;charset=UTF-8"</span> <span style="color:#000000">language</span><span style="color:#981a1a">=</span><span style="color:#aa1111">"java"</span> %> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">html</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">head</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">title</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>显示用户信息<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">title</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">head</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">body</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">a</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">href</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"showUserInfo"</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>显示用户信息<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">a</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">body</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">html</span><span style="color:#117700">></span></span> -
编写模型 User
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#770088">package</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">com</span>.<span style="color:#000000">qf</span>.<span style="color:#000000">jsp</span>.<span style="color:#000000">pojo</span>; <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#770088">class</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">User</span> { <span style="color:#770088">private</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">username</span>; <span style="color:#770088">private</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">name</span>; <span style="color:#770088">private</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">sex</span>; <span style="color:#770088">private</span> <span style="color:#008855">int</span> <span style="color:#000000">age</span>; <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">getUsername</span>() { <span style="color:#770088">return</span> <span style="color:#000000">username</span>; } <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">setUsername</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">username</span>) { <span style="color:#770088">this</span>.<span style="color:#000000">username</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">username</span>; } <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">getName</span>() { <span style="color:#770088">return</span> <span style="color:#000000">name</span>; } <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">setName</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">name</span>) { <span style="color:#770088">this</span>.<span style="color:#000000">name</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">name</span>; } <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">getSex</span>() { <span style="color:#770088">return</span> <span style="color:#000000">sex</span>; } <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">setSex</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">sex</span>) { <span style="color:#770088">this</span>.<span style="color:#000000">sex</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">sex</span>; } <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">int</span> <span style="color:#000000">getAge</span>() { <span style="color:#770088">return</span> <span style="color:#000000">age</span>; } <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">setAge</span>(<span style="color:#008855">int</span> <span style="color:#000000">age</span>) { <span style="color:#770088">this</span>.<span style="color:#000000">age</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">age</span>; } <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">toString</span>() { <span style="color:#770088">return</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">"User{"</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">"username='"</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">username</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">'\''</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">", name='"</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">name</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">'\''</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">", sex='"</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">sex</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">'\''</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">", age="</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#000000">age</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">+</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">'}'</span>; } }</span> -
编写控制器 UserInfoServlet
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#770088">package</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">com</span>.<span style="color:#000000">qf</span>.<span style="color:#000000">jsp</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">com</span>.<span style="color:#000000">qf</span>.<span style="color:#000000">jsp</span>.<span style="color:#000000">pojo</span>.<span style="color:#000000">User</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">http</span>.<span style="color:#000000">HttpServlet</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">http</span>.<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletRequest</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">http</span>.<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletResponse</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">java</span>.<span style="color:#000000">io</span>.<span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">java</span>.<span style="color:#000000">io</span>.<span style="color:#000000">PrintWriter</span>; <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#770088">class</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">UserInfoServlet</span> <span style="color:#770088">extends</span> <span style="color:#000000">HttpServlet</span> { <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">protected</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">doGet</span>(<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletRequest</span> <span style="color:#000000">req</span>, <span style="color:#000000">HttpServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">resp</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span>, <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span> { <span style="color:#000000">User</span> <span style="color:#000000">user</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#770088">new</span> <span style="color:#000000">User</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">user</span>.<span style="color:#000000">setUsername</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"admin"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">user</span>.<span style="color:#000000">setName</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"管理员"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">user</span>.<span style="color:#000000">setSex</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"男"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">user</span>.<span style="color:#000000">setAge</span>(<span style="color:#116644">20</span>); <span style="color:#000000">resp</span>.<span style="color:#000000">setContentType</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"text/html;charset=utf-8"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">resp</span>.<span style="color:#000000">setCharacterEncoding</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"UTF-8"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">PrintWriter</span> <span style="color:#000000">writer</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">resp</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getWriter</span>(); <span style="color:#aa5500">//告知视图需要展示的模型</span> <span style="color:#000000">writer</span>.<span style="color:#000000">print</span>(<span style="color:#000000">user</span>.<span style="color:#000000">toString</span>()); <span style="color:#000000">writer</span>.<span style="color:#000000">flush</span>(); <span style="color:#000000">writer</span>.<span style="color:#000000">close</span>(); } }</span> -
配置 web.xml
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>userInfoServlet<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-class</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>com.qf.jsp.servlet.UserInfoServlet<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-class</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-mapping</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>userInfoServlet<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">url-pattern</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>/showUserInfo<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">url-pattern</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">servlet-mapping</span><span style="color:#117700">></span></span> -
启动服务器，访问 user.jsp，然后测试
第三节 过滤器
1. 什么是过滤器
过滤器的概念过滤器是一个服务器端的组件，可以拦截客户端的请求和响应信息并对这些信息进行过滤。
2. 过滤器体系结构
2.1 Filter接口
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#aa5500">//过滤器初始化</span>
<span style="color:#770088">default</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">init</span>(<span style="color:#000000">FilterConfig</span> <span style="color:#000000">filterConfig</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span> {
}
<span style="color:#aa5500">//过滤操作，与协议无关</span>
<span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">doFilter</span>(<span style="color:#000000">ServletRequest</span> <span style="color:#000000">req</span>, <span style="color:#000000">ServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">resp</span>, <span style="color:#000000">FilterChain</span> <span style="color:#000000">chain</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>, <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span>;
<span style="color:#aa5500">//过滤器销毁</span>
<span style="color:#770088">default</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">destroy</span>() {
}</span></span>2.2 FilterConfig 接口
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#aa5500">//获取过滤器实例的名称</span>
<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getFilterName</span>();
<span style="color:#aa5500">//获取Servlet上下文</span>
<span style="color:#000000">ServletContext</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getServletContext</span>();
<span style="color:#aa5500">//从过滤器初始化配置中获取给定属性名对应的属性值</span>
<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getInitParameter</span>(<span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">parameterName</span>);
<span style="color:#aa5500">//获取过滤器初始化配置中所有的属性名</span>
<span style="color:#000000">Enumeration</span><span style="color:#981a1a"><</span><span style="color:#008855">String</span><span style="color:#981a1a">></span> <span style="color:#0000ff">getInitParameterNames</span>();</span></span>2.3 案例
使用过滤器完成中文乱码处理
-
编写过滤器 CharacterEncodingFilter
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#770088">package</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">com</span>.<span style="color:#000000">qf</span>.<span style="color:#000000">jsp</span>.<span style="color:#000000">filter</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#981a1a">*</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">java</span>.<span style="color:#000000">io</span>.<span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>; <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#770088">class</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">CharacterEncodingFilter</span> <span style="color:#770088">implements</span> <span style="color:#000000">Filter</span> { <span style="color:#770088">private</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">characterEncoding</span>; <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">init</span>(<span style="color:#000000">FilterConfig</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span> { <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"过滤器初始化"</span>); <span style="color:#770088">this</span>.<span style="color:#000000">characterEncoding</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">config</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getInitParameter</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"characterEncoding"</span>); } <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">doFilter</span>(<span style="color:#000000">ServletRequest</span> <span style="color:#000000">request</span>, <span style="color:#000000">ServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">response</span>, <span style="color:#000000">FilterChain</span> <span style="color:#000000">chain</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>, <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span> { <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"过滤器过滤操作"</span>); <span style="color:#000000">request</span>.<span style="color:#000000">setCharacterEncoding</span>(<span style="color:#000000">characterEncoding</span>); <span style="color:#000000">response</span>.<span style="color:#000000">setCharacterEncoding</span>(<span style="color:#000000">characterEncoding</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//让过滤器链中的其他过滤器执行，这行代码必不可少，否则，无法进入后面的Servlet执行</span> <span style="color:#000000">chain</span>.<span style="color:#000000">doFilter</span>(<span style="color:#000000">request</span>, <span style="color:#000000">response</span>); } <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">destroy</span>() { <span style="color:#000000">System</span>.<span style="color:#000000">out</span>.<span style="color:#000000">println</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"过滤器销毁"</span>); } }</span> -
在 web.xml 中配置过滤器
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">filter</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>characterEncodingFilter<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-class</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>com.qf.jsp.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-class</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">init-param</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">param-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>characterEncoding<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">param-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">param-value</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>UTF-8<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">param-value</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">init-param</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">filter</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-mapping</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>characterEncodingFilter<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#aa5500"><!-- * 标识通配符，匹配所有--></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">url-pattern</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>/*<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">url-pattern</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-mapping</span><span style="color:#117700">></span></span> -
测试
-
结论
2.4 HttpFilter 抽象类
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#aa5500">//重写无协议过滤器操作，调用下面支持HTTP协议请求过滤操作的方法</span>
<span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">doFilter</span>(<span style="color:#000000">ServletRequest</span> <span style="color:#000000">request</span>, <span style="color:#000000">ServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">response</span>, <span style="color:#000000">FilterChain</span> <span style="color:#000000">chain</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>, <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span> {}
<span style="color:#aa5500">//HTTP协议请求过滤操作的方法</span>
<span style="color:#770088">protected</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">doFilter</span>(<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletRequest</span> <span style="color:#000000">request</span>, <span style="color:#000000">HttpServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">response</span>, <span style="color:#000000">FilterChain</span> <span style="color:#000000">chain</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>, <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span> {}</span></span>2.5 案例
使用过滤器完成登录超时处理
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编写过滤器
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#770088">package</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">com</span>.<span style="color:#000000">qf</span>.<span style="color:#000000">jsp</span>.<span style="color:#000000">filter</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">FilterChain</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">http</span>.<span style="color:#000000">HttpFilter</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">http</span>.<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletRequest</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">http</span>.<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletResponse</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">javax</span>.<span style="color:#000000">servlet</span>.<span style="color:#000000">http</span>.<span style="color:#000000">HttpSession</span>; <span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">java</span>.<span style="color:#000000">io</span>.<span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>; <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#770088">class</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">TimeoutFilter</span> <span style="color:#770088">extends</span> <span style="color:#000000">HttpFilter</span> { <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span> <span style="color:#770088">protected</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">doFilter</span>(<span style="color:#000000">HttpServletRequest</span> <span style="color:#000000">request</span>, <span style="color:#000000">HttpServletResponse</span> <span style="color:#000000">response</span>, <span style="color:#000000">FilterChain</span> <span style="color:#000000">chain</span>) <span style="color:#770088">throws</span> <span style="color:#000000">IOException</span>, <span style="color:#000000">ServletException</span> { <span style="color:#000000">HttpSession</span> <span style="color:#000000">session</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">request</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getSession</span>(); <span style="color:#008855">Object</span> <span style="color:#000000">username</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">session</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getAttribute</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"username"</span>); <span style="color:#aa5500">//session中没有数据了，说明session已经过期了，当前的session是一个新的session</span> <span style="color:#770088">if</span>(<span style="color:#000000">username</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">==</span> <span style="color:#221199">null</span>){ <span style="color:#aa5500">//首页的地址 就是上下文路径</span> <span style="color:#008855">String</span> <span style="color:#000000">homePageUrl</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#000000">request</span>.<span style="color:#000000">getContextPath</span>(); <span style="color:#770088">if</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">""</span>.<span style="color:#000000">equalsIgnoreCase</span>(<span style="color:#000000">homePageUrl</span>)){<span style="color:#aa5500">//上下文路径为空字符串时给一条斜杠即可</span> <span style="color:#000000">homePageUrl</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#aa1111">"/"</span>; } <span style="color:#000000">response</span>.<span style="color:#000000">sendRedirect</span>(<span style="color:#000000">homePageUrl</span>); } <span style="color:#770088">else</span> { <span style="color:#aa5500">//让过滤器链中的其他过滤器执行，这行代码必不可少，否则，无法进入后面的Servlet执行</span> <span style="color:#000000">chain</span>.<span style="color:#000000">doFilter</span>(<span style="color:#000000">request</span>, <span style="color:#000000">response</span>); } } }</span> -
在 web.xml 中配置过滤器
<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">filter</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>timeoutFilter<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-class</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>com.qf.jsp.filter.TimeoutFilter<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-class</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">filter</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-mapping</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>timeoutFilter<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-name</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#aa5500"><!-- * 标识通配符，匹配所有--></span> <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">url-pattern</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>/*<span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">url-pattern</span><span style="color:#117700">></span> <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">filter-mapping</span><span style="color:#117700">></span></span>
2.6 Filter 交互流程
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