SpringCloud使用Feign实现远程调用

Nacos实现配置管理的：SpringCloud使用Nacos实现配置管理_生骨大头菜的博客-CSDN博客

之前使用 RestTemplate进行远程调用，但是RestTemplate存在一下问题：

• 代码可读性差，编程体验不统一
• 参数复杂URL难以维护

1、在order-service中引入依赖

        <!--feign依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2、在order-service的启动类中添加注解开启Feign功能

package com.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;


@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

3、编写Feign客户端

package com.demo.clients;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;


@FeignClient("userservice")
public interface UserClient {

    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    String findById(@PathVariable String id);

}

4、controller中使用Feign客户端

package com.demo.controller;

import com.demo.clients.UserClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * TODO
 *
 * @Author: 冯健
 * @Date: 2022/3/30
 * @Description:
 * @Modified By:
 */
@RestController
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    UserClient userClient;

    @GetMapping("/order/{id}")
    public String order(@PathVariable String id) {
        // 这里访问user-service的微服务
        String user = userClient.findById(id);

        return "订单：" + id + "=====" + user;
    }

}

5、重启服务并且测试

6、性能优化

Feign低层客户端默认使用URLConnection，不支持连接池，可以改为Apache HttpClient或者OKHttp，添加HttpClient的支持，引入依赖：

        <!--feign的HttpClient支持-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
            <artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
        </dependency>

编辑application.yml，配置连接池与日志，日志级别最好用basic或none

feign:
  client:
    config:
      default:  # default全局的配置
        loggerLevel: BASIC  # 日志级别，BASIC就是最基本的请求和响应信息
  httpclient:
    enabled: true # 开启feign对HttpClient的支持
    max-connections: 200  # 最大的连接数
    max-connections-per-route: 50 # 每个路径的最大连接数
logging:
  level:
    com.demo: debug

重启order-service并测试：

7、Feign的最佳实践，创建一个Feign功能的Module

1.新建一个Module

 

 

 

 2.添加feign依赖

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--feign依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--feign的HttpClient支持-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
            <artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

3.添加相关client接口

package com.demo.feign.clients;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;


@FeignClient("userservice")
public interface UserClient {

    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    String findById(@PathVariable String id);

}

4.无需创建application.yml文件，feign日志等相关配置需要写在order-service，否则不生效

5.在order-service引入feign-api

        <!--引入feign的统一api-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
            <artifactId>feign-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

6.删除order-service中关于feign的引用，并且引用feign-api的相关类

package com.demo.controller;

import com.demo.feign.clients.UserClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


@RestController
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    UserClient userClient;

    @GetMapping("/order/{id}")
    public String order(@PathVariable String id) {
        // 这里访问user-service的微服务
        String user = userClient.findById(id);

        return "订单：" + id + "=====" + user;
    }

}

 7.重启，报错了

 原因：当定义的FeignClient不在SpringBootApplication的扫描包范围时，这些FeignClient无法使用。有两种方式解决：

方式一：指定FeignClient所在包

@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.demo.feign.clients")

方式二：指定FeignClient字节码

@EnableFeignClients(clients = {UserClient.class})

使用第二种：

package com.demo;

import com.demo.feign.clients.UserClient;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;


@EnableFeignClients(clients = UserClient.class)
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

重新启动order-service，并且访问

 

 

注意事项：feign的相关配置需要写在order-service中，而不是feign-api中