线程池

线程池生命周期的几种状态：

     *   RUNNING:  Accept new tasks and process queued tasks
     *   SHUTDOWN: Don't accept new tasks, but process queued tasks
     *   STOP:     Don't accept new tasks, don't process queued tasks,
     *             and interrupt in-progress tasks
     *   TIDYING:  All tasks have terminated, workerCount is zero,
     *             the thread transitioning to state TIDYING
     *             will run the terminated() hook method
     *   TERMINATED: terminated() has completed

RUNNING：可以接受新的task，并且可以处理排队中的task

SHUTDOWN：不在接受新的task，但是可以执行队列中的task

STOP：不在接受新的task，并且也不再处理队列中的task

TIDYING：所有task全部终止，workerCount为0，线程调用terminated的相关方法状态切换至TIDYING

TERMINATED：terminated方法执行结束

线程池的的状态是单一方向改变的，不能逆序

RUNNING -> SHUTDOWN
    On invocation of shutdown(), perhaps implicitly in finalize()
(RUNNING or SHUTDOWN) -> STOP
    On invocation of shutdownNow()
SHUTDOWN -> TIDYING
    When both queue and pool are empty
STOP -> TIDYING
     When pool is empty
TIDYING -> TERMINATED
     When the terminated() hook method has completed

Threads waiting in awaitTermination() will return when the
     state reaches TERMINATED.