数据结构(C语言 Clion)

线性表

链表

单向链表

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

typedef int E;

struct ListNode{
    E element;
    struct ListNode * next;
};

typedef struct ListNode * Node;

void initList(Node node){
    node->next = NULL;
}

bool insertList(Node head, E element, int index) {
    if(index < 1) return 0;
    while (--index){
        head = head->next;
        if(head == NULL) return 0;
    }

    Node node = static_cast<Node>(malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode)));
    if(node == NULL) return 0;
    node->element = element;
    node->next = head->next;
    head->next = node;

    return 1;
}

bool deleteList(Node head, int index){
    if(index < 1) return 0;
    while(--index) {
        head = head->next;
        if(head == NULL) return 0;
    }
    if(head->next == NULL) return 0;

    Node tmp = head->next;
    head->next = head->next->next;
    free(tmp);
    return 1;
}

E * getList(Node head, int index){
    if(index < 1) return 0;
    do{
        head = head->next;
        if(head == NULL) return 0;
    } while (--index);
    return &head->element;
}
//查找对应元素位置
int findList(Node head, E element){
    head = head->next;
    int i = 1;
    while(head){
        if(head->element == element) return i;
        head = head->next;
        i++;
    }
    return -1;
}
//求链表的长度
int sizeList(Node head){
    int i = -1;
    while(head){
        head = head->next;
        i++;
    }
    return i;
}
void printList(Node head){
    while (head->next){
        head = head->next;
        printf("%d ",head->element);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

int main(){
    struct ListNode head;
    initList(&head);
    printf("%d\n",sizeList(&head));
    for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++){
        insertList(&head,i*100,i);
    }
    deleteList(&head,4);
    printList(&head);
    printf("%d\n",*getList(&head,1));
    printf("%d\n",findList(&head,100));
    printf("%d\n",sizeList(&head));
}

双向链表

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef int E;

struct ListNode {
    E element;
    struct ListNode * next;//指向下一节点的指针
    struct ListNode * prev;//指向上一节点的指针
};

typedef struct ListNode * Node;

//初始化
void initList(Node head){
    head->next = head->prev = NULL;
}

//插入
_Bool insertList(Node head, E element, int index){
    if(index < 1) return 0;
    while (--index){
        head = head->next;
        if(head == NULL) return 0;
    }
    Node node = malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
    if(node == NULL) return 0;
    node->element = element;
    if(head->next != NULL) {
        node->next = head->next;
        head->next->prev = node;
    }else{
        node->next = NULL;
    }
    head->next = node;
    node->prev = head;
    return 1;
}

//删除
_Bool deleteList(Node head, int index){
    if(index < 1) return 0;
    while (--index){
        head = head->next;
        if(head == NULL) return 0;
    }
    if(head->next == NULL) return 0;
    Node tmp = head->next;
    if(head->next->next){
        head->next = head->next->next;
        head->next->next->prev = head;
    } else {
        head->next = NULL;
    }
    free(tmp);
    return 1;
}

int main(){
    struct ListNode head;
    initList(&head);
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i)
        insertList(&head,i * 100,i);

    deleteList(&head,3);

    Node node = &head;  //正向遍历
    do {
        node = node->next;
        printf("%d -> ",node->element);
    }while (node->next != NULL);
    printf("\n");
    /*
    do {//反向遍历
        printf("%d -> ", node->element);
        node = node->prev;
    }while(node->prev != NULL);
     */
}

用数组实现栈

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef int E ;

struct Stack{
    E * array;
    int capacity;//容量
    int top;//栈顶元素下标
};

typedef struct Stack * ArrayStack;

//初始化
_Bool initStack(ArrayStack stack){
    stack->array = malloc(sizeof(E) * 10);
    if(stack->array == NULL) return 0;
    stack->capacity = 10;
    stack->top = -1;
    return 1;
}

//遍历
void printStack(ArrayStack stack){
    printf("| ");
    for (int i = 0; i < stack->top + 1; ++i){
        printf("%d, ",stack->array[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

//入栈
_Bool pushStack(ArrayStack stack, E element){
    if(stack->top + 1 == stack->capacity){//判断塞满没 塞满扩容
        int newCapacity = stack->capacity + (stack->capacity >> 1);
        E * newArray = realloc(stack->array, newCapacity * sizeof(E));
        if(newArray == NULL) return 0;
        stack->array = newArray;
        stack->capacity = newCapacity;
    }
    stack->array[++stack->top] = element;
    return 1;
}

//判断栈是否为空
_Bool isEmpty(ArrayStack stack){
    return stack->top == -1;
}

//出栈
E popStack(ArrayStack stack){
    return stack->array[stack->top--];
}

int main(){
    struct Stack stack;
    initStack(&stack);
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i){
        pushStack(&stack, i * 100);
    }
    printStack(&stack);
    while(!isEmpty(&stack)) {
        printf("%d ", popStack(&stack));
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

用链表实现栈

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef int E;

struct LNode{
    E element;
    struct LNode * next;
};

typedef struct LNode * Node;

//初始化
void initStack(Node head){
    head->next = NULL;
}

//入栈
_Bool pushStack(Node head, E element) {
    Node node = malloc(sizeof(struct LNode));
    if(node == NULL) return 0;
    node->element = element;
    node->next = head->next;
    head->next = node;
    return 1;
}

//遍历打印
void printStack(Node head){
    //printf("| ");
    head = head->next;
    while(head){
        printf("%d ",head->element);
        head = head->next;
    }
    printf("|");
}
//判断是否为空
_Bool isEmpty(Node head){
    return head->next == NULL;
}

//出栈
E popStack(Node head){
    Node tmp = head->next;
    E e = tmp->element;
    head->next = head->next->next;
    free(tmp);
    return e;
}

int main(){
    struct LNode head;
    initStack(&head);
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i){
        pushStack(&head,i * 100);
    }
    printStack(&head);
    printf("\n");
    while (!isEmpty(&head)){
        printf("%d ", popStack(&head));
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

队列

顺序表实现队列

循环队列重复使用一个数组(大小固定 不能扩容)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef int E;

struct Queue {
    E * array;
    int capacity;
    int front, rear;
};

typedef struct Queue * ArrayQueue;

//初始化
_Bool initQueue(ArrayQueue queue){
    queue->array = malloc(sizeof(E) * 10);
    if(queue->array == NULL) return 0;
    queue->capacity = 10;
    queue->front = queue->rear = 0;
    return 1;
}

//入队
_Bool  offerQueue(ArrayQueue queue, E element){
    int pos = (queue->rear + 1) % queue->capacity;
    if(pos == queue->front)
        return 0;
    queue->rear = pos;
    queue->array[queue->rear] = element;
    return 1;
}

//判断是否为空
_Bool isEmpty(ArrayQueue queue){
    return queue->rear == queue->front;
}

//出队
E pollQueue(ArrayQueue queue){
    queue->front = (queue->front + 1) % queue->capacity;
    return queue->array[queue->front];
}

//打印
void printQueue(ArrayQueue queue){
    printf("<<< ");
    int i = queue->front;
    do {
        i = (i + 1) % queue->capacity;
        printf("%d ", queue->array[i]);
    } while(i != queue->rear);
    printf("<<<\n");
}

int main(){
    struct Queue queue;
    initQueue(&queue);
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        offerQueue(&queue, i * 100);
    }
    printQueue(&queue);
    while (!isEmpty(&queue)) {
        printf("%d ", pollQueue(&queue));
    }
    
    return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述

用链表实现队列

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef int E;

struct LNode {
    E element;
    struct LNode * next;
};

typedef struct LNode * Node;

struct Queue {
    Node front, rear;
};

typedef struct Queue * LinkedQueue;

//初始化
_Bool initQueue(LinkedQueue queue){
    Node node = malloc(sizeof(struct LNode));
    if(node == NULL) return 0;
    queue->rear = queue->front = node;
    return 1;
}

//入队
_Bool offerQueue(LinkedQueue queue, E element){
    Node node = malloc(sizeof(struct LNode));
    if(node == NULL) return 0;
    node->element = element;
    queue->rear->next = node;
    queue->rear = node;
    return 1;
}

//判断
_Bool isEmpty(LinkedQueue queue){
    return queue->rear == queue->front;
}

//出队
E pollQueue(LinkedQueue queue){
    Node tmp = queue->front->next;
    E e = tmp->element;
    queue->front->next = queue->front->next->next;
    if(queue->rear == tmp) queue->rear = queue->front;
    free(tmp);
    return e;
}

//打印
void printQueue(LinkedQueue queue){
    printf("<<< ");
    Node node = queue->front->next;
    do {
        printf("%d ", node->element);
        if(node == queue->rear) break;    //当已经打印最后一个元素后,再结束
        else node = node->next;
    } while (node);
    printf("<<<\n");
}

int main(){
    struct Queue queue;
    initQueue(&queue);
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i){
        offerQueue(&queue, i*100);
    }
    printQueue(&queue);
    while (!isEmpty(&queue)) {
        printf("%d ", pollQueue(&queue));
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

实战

删除链表中重复元素

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