浅谈SSM框架的基本配置信息
SSM(Spring+SpringMVC+MyBatis)框架集由Spring、MyBatis两个开源框架整合而成(SpringMVC是Spring中的部分内容)。常作为数据源较简单的web项目的框架。
Spring就像是整个项目中装配bean的大工厂,在配置文件中可以指定使用特定的参数去调用实体类的构造方法来实例化对象。Spring的核心思想是IoC(控制反转),即不再需要程序员去显式地new一个对象,而是让Spring框架帮你来完成这一切。
SpringMVC在项目中拦截用户请求,它的核心Servlet即DispatcherServlet承担中介或是前台这样的职责,将用户请求通过HandlerMapping去匹配Controller,Controller就是具体对应请求所执行的操作。
MyBatis是对jdbc的封装,它让数据库底层操作变的透明。MyBatis的操作都是围绕一个SqlSessionFactory实例展开的。MyBatis通过配置文件关联到各实体类的Mapper文件,Mapper文件中配置了每个类对数据库所需进行的sql语句映射。在每次与数据库交互时,通过SqlSessionFactory拿到一个SqlSession,再执行sql命令。
搭建项目相关的一些基本信息:
首先是全局变量的配置, pom.xml 文件,其作用是通过配置pom.xml,让maven自动去下载你需要的jar包,在此之前,你需要配置maven(先去下载maven,在配置环境变量,具体配置可以去网页搜索)。配置好maven之后,建立一个webapp项目即可进行pom.xml的配置(如果使用的工具是eclipse的话,是建立一个动态web项目)
pom.xml的基本配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>helloSpringMVC</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--逆向工程代码生成器:mbg-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--servlet依赖-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--springmvc依赖-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis\spring整合-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.5</version>
</dependency>
<!--导入spring test单元测试模块-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring面向切面编程-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>5.1.13.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring JDBC-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--引入c3p0 jar包,数据库连接池、驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--引入jstl-->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<!--这里加入一个插件,在指定文件的时候用的-->
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory><!--文件所在目录-->
<includes><!--包括目录下的.properties和.xml文件都会被扫描到-->
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
<!--编码和编译和JDK版本-->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
spring.xml的基本配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.studentmanagerment">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!--数据源、事务控制、等-->
<!--引入外部的properties文件-->
<bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<!-- 要是有多个配置文件,只需要在这里继续添加即可 -->
<value>classpath:dbconfig.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="pooledDataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/applesmsdb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8"></property>
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置和MyBatis的整合-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactoryBean" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<!--指定mybatis全局属性文件的位置-->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis.xml"></property>
<property name="dataSource" ref="pooledDataSource"></property>
<!--指定mybatis、mapper文件的位置-->
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置扫描器,将mybatis接口的实现,加入到ioc容器中-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!--扫描所有的dao接口-->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.studentmanagerment.dao"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置一个批量处理的SqlSession-->
<bean id="sqlSessionTemplate" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
<constructor-arg name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactoryBean"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="executorType" value="BATCH"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!--事务的控制,事务管理器-->
<bean id="dataSourceTransactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!--控制数据源-->
<property name="dataSource" ref="pooledDataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!--开启基于注解的事务,使用.xml配置形式的事务(主要的都是使用配置式)-->
<aop:config>
<!--切入点表达式:在com.studentmanagerment.service下所有类的所有方法的所有参数的返回值类型-->
<aop:pointcut id="txPoint" expression="execution(* com.studentmanagerment.service..*(..))"/>
<!--配置事务增强-->
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPoint"></aop:advisor>
</aop:config>
<!--配置事务增强、也就是事务如何切入-->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="dataSourceTransactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<!--所有方法-->
<tx:method name="*"/>
<!--以get开始的所有方法-->
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
</beans>
springmvc.xml的基本配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--只扫描控制器-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.studentmanagerment" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean id="resourceViewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置静态资源处理,将mvc不能处理的资源交给Tomcat去处理-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
</beans>
``
mybatis.xml的基本配置:
```css
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--settings:控制mybatis全局行为-->
<settings>
<!--设置mybatis输出日志-->
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
</settings>
<!--<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/studentmsdb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>-->
<!--指定sql映射文件的位置:是从类路劲开始的(即classPath)-->
<!--<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/jzy/dao/StudentDao.xml"/>
</mappers>-->
</configuration>
dbconfig.properties的基本配置(作用是用于管理数据库连接信息的):
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/applesmsdb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=123456
web.xml的基本配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--启动spring的配置文件-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--springmvc的配置-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--字符编码过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- <init-param>
<param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>-->
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--使用rest风格-->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
如果想偷懒的话,可以使用逆向工程自动生成数据库中对应的实体类、dao层接口以及对应的sql映射文件(Mapper文件):
这就需要添加一个配置文件:(mbg.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE generatorConfiguration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd">
<generatorConfiguration>
<!--配置数据库连接对象-->
<context id="DB2Tables" targetRuntime="MyBatis3">
<!--设置逆向工程没有注释-->
<commentGenerator>
<property name="suppressAllComments" value="true" />
</commentGenerator>
<jdbcConnection driverClass="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
connectionURL="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/applesmsdb"
userId="root"
password="123456">
</jdbcConnection>
<javaTypeResolver >
<property name="forceBigDecimals" value="false" />
</javaTypeResolver>
<!--指定javabean生成的位置-->
<javaModelGenerator targetPackage="com.studentmanagerment.bean" targetProject=".\src\main\java">
<property name="enableSubPackages" value="true" />
<property name="trimStrings" value="true" />
</javaModelGenerator>
<!--指定sql映射文件生成的位置-->
<sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="mapper" targetProject=".\src\main\resources">
<property name="enableSubPackages" value="true" />
</sqlMapGenerator>
<!--指定dao生成的位置-->
<javaClientGenerator type="XMLMAPPER" targetPackage="com.studentmanagerment.dao" targetProject=".\src\main\java">
<property name="enableSubPackages" value="true" />
</javaClientGenerator>
<!--table指定每个表的生成策略-->
<table tableName="student" domainObjectName="Student">
</table>
</context>
</generatorConfiguration>
在配置好之后,还需要运行一下mbg.xml配置文件:
建一个测试类或者使用main方法调用即可:(代码如下)
//执行逆向工程
List<String> warnings = new ArrayList<String>();
boolean overwrite = true;
File configFile = new File("mbg.xml");
ConfigurationParser cp = new ConfigurationParser(warnings);
Configuration config = cp.parseConfiguration(configFile);
DefaultShellCallback callback = new DefaultShellCallback(overwrite);
MyBatisGenerator myBatisGenerator = new MyBatisGenerator(config, callback, warnings);
myBatisGenerator.generate(null);
到此为止,项目的基本信息已经配置完了
可以在单元测试中测试一下 自动生成的sql映射文件的sql语句:
这里我就只测试一下其中的一条插入语句(即insertSelective对应的sql语句):
StudentMapper studentMapper=sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
int sno=202101005;
String str="无相关信息";
for(int i=0;i<1000;i++){
String uid= UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5);
String account= UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(1,6);
studentMapper.insertSelective(new Student(null,uid,account,"123456",12,sno+1,"男",str));
}
这里的UUID是用于自动生成,用于测试批量插入数据是否成功
当然,在使用刚才的方法之前,需要用到一些特殊的注释:
/**
* 1.导入spring test单元测试模块
* 2.用@ContextConfiguration注解类,用来指定spring配置文件的位置
* 3.直接autowired要使用的组件即可
* */
//用这两行注释去注释一下注释类
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring.xml"})
在测试方法中还需要用到@Autowired注解:
//这里是批量处理的SqlSession,对应spring中的<bean id="sqlSessionTemplate" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
@Autowired
SqlSession sqlSession;
测试方法的完整代码:
import com.studentmanagerment.bean.Student;
import com.studentmanagerment.dao.StudentMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mybatis.generator.api.MyBatisGenerator;
import org.mybatis.generator.config.Configuration;
import org.mybatis.generator.config.xml.ConfigurationParser;
import org.mybatis.generator.internal.DefaultShellCallback;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.*;
/**
* 1.导入spring test单元测试模块
* 2.用@ContextConfiguration注解类,用来指定spring配置文件的位置
* 3.直接autowired要使用的组件即可
* */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring.xml"})
public class MBGTest {
//这里是批量处理的SqlSession,对应spring中的<bean id="sqlSessionTemplate" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
@Autowired
SqlSession sqlSession;
@Test
public void run() throws Exception {
StudentMapper studentMapper=sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
int sno=202101005;
String str="无相关信息";
for(int i=0;i<1000;i++){
String uid= UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5);
String account= UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(1,6);
studentMapper.insertSelective(new Student(null,uid,account,"123456",12,sno+1,"男",str));
}
}
}
SSM框架的基本信息就基本配置完了,如果有哪里做的不好的地方希望各位谅解和及时纠正。